Cardiac-surgery associated acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. A Spanish retrospective case-cohort study

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of the predictors for postoperative renal replacement therapy.

Variable	Odds Ratio* (95% confidence intervals)	P Value
Preoperative
COPD	2.54 (1.39-4.61)	0.002
Diabetes	1.74 (1.09-2.78)	0.02
Previous diuretic treatment	1.93 (1.14-3.27)	0.015
Left ventricular ejection fraction (increase in one percent)	0.97 (0.95-0.99)	0.013
Basal Hemoglobin g/dL	0.86 (0.75-0.99)	0.043
MDRD GFR per mL/min/1.73 m²	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	< 0.001
Neurological dysfunction	2.20 (0.70-6.97)	0.18
NYHA class 4	1.17 (0.56-2.42)	0.74
Congestive heart failure	1.19 (0.72-1.96)	0.5
Cardiogenic shock	1.33 (0.32-5.51)	0.69
Infectious endocarditis	1.56 (0.47-5.24)	0.47
Pulmonary hypertension	1.80 (0.91-3.56)	0.1
Preoperative IABP	0.94 (0.21-4.11)	0.93
Critical state	1.98 (0.54-7.20)	0.30
Euroscore (for every point)	0.93 (0.75-1.13)	0.45
Prior cardiac surgery	1.47 (0.59-3.58)	0.43
Intraoperative
Urgent surgery	3.13 (1.09-9.01)	0.03
Aortic cross clamp duration (every minute)	1.01 (1.01-1.02)	0.002
Surgery type
CABG only (reference)
Valve only	1.56 (0.78-3.09)	0.21
CABG+Valve	1.44 (0.63-3.30)	0.40
Use of albumin in CPB pump	1.07 (0.49-2.31)	0.87
Intraoperative nadir hematocrit concentration ≥ 24%	1.59 (0.95-2.65)	0.08
Administration of antifibrinolytic agents
None (reference)
Aprotinin	1.95 (1.07-3.55)	0.043
Tranexamic or Aminocaproic acid	0.57 (0.35-0.95)	0.03
Intraoperative PRBC transfusion (per unit)	1.34 (1.18-1.52)	< 0.001

*Adjusted for all the variables shown in the table, plus age, sex, and hospital source.
MDRD: Modification of diet in renal disease; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; COPD: Chronic obstrutive pulmonary disease; PRBC: Packed red blood cells. NYHA: New York heart association functional classification; IABP: Intra-aortic ballon pump; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting