Table 2 Characteristics of males with and without renal impairment (eGFR_CG/BSA < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²)

Age (years)*

56.56 (13.52)

38.04 (11.77)

Age above 60 years*

151 (5.4)

17.576

13.47–22.934

Education: Less than primary*

182 (52)

1203 (42.9)

1.443

1.155–1.802

Salaried job*

68 (19.4)

728 (26)

0.688

0.521–0.908

Current smoker*

98 (28)

1017 (36.3)

0.684

0.535–0.874

Current alcohol intake*

47 (13.4)

645 (23)

0.519

0.377–0.715

Exercise (≥ 60 minutes/day)

242 (69.1)

1985 (70.8)

BMI (kg/m²)*

22.42 (3.44)

23.30 (3.69)

Obese by BMI (≥ 25 kg/m²)*

70 (20)

757 (27)

0.676

0.514–0.890

WC (cm)*

83.84 (11.50)

81.12 (10.73)

Obese by WC*

147 (42)

986 (35.2)

1.336

1.066–1.675

Systolic BP (mmHg)*

130 (87–230)

128 (80–200)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)*

84 (57–150)

80 (55–138)

Hypertension*

150 (42.9)

889 (31.7)

1.616

1.289–2.027

Proteinuria*

34 (9.7)

43 (1.5)

6.911

4.343–10.998

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)*

1.2 (0.67–6.30)

0.89 (0.40–1.40)

eGFR CG/BSA* (ml/min/1.73 m²)

53.47 (10.71–59.95)

86.47 (60.02–207.54)

Haemoglobin (g/dl)*

11.23 (1.34)

11.51 (1.31)

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)*

98 (63–349)

92 (52–500)

Diabetes mellitus*

47 (13.4)

210 (7.5)

1.917

1.367–2.687

NSAID intake*

41 (11.7)

194 (6.9)

1.786

1.250–2.552

Family history*

CKD, HTN, DM, MI/Stroke

20, 72, 32, 16

(5.7, 20.6, 9.1, 4.6)

43, 261, 127, 37

(1.5, 9.3, 4.5, 1.3)

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Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

171 (111–272)

171 (111–297)