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Table 1 Characteristics of the 133 patients with ESRD with and without CAAC at the initiation of hemodialysis

From: Carotid artery calcification at the initiation of hemodialysis is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease: a cohort study

Variables

CAAC (+)

CAAC (-)

p value

No. of patients

94 (71)

39 (29)

 

Age (y)

67.2 ± 10.1

58.3 ± 8.8

< 0.01

Male

57 (61)

20 (51)

0.32

Hypertension

93 (99)

32 (82)

< 0.01

Diabetes mellitus

58 (62)

18 (46)

0.10

Dyslipidemia

77 (82)

25 (64)

0.03

Smoking

45 (48)

14 (36)

0.20

Previous CVD

48 (51)

4 (10)

< 0.01

Calcium carbonate

26 (28)

13 (33)

0.52

Vitamin D3

14 (15)

5 (13)

0.75

Dose of ESA (U/month)

3000 (0-3000)

1500 (0-3000)

0.47

Statins

26 (28)

5 (13)

0.05

ACEI and/or ARB

50 (53)

20 (51)

0.84

SBP (mm Hg)

158 ± 20

150 ± 23

0.04

DBP (mm Hg)

79 ± 10

82 ± 11

0.13

Pulse pressure (mm Hg)

79 ± 16

68 ± 15

< 0.01

Body mass index (kg/m2)

20 (18-22)

21 (19-23)

0.04

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

92 (78-106)

88 (78-120)

0.76

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

9.0 (7.6-10.2)

9.6 (8.3-11.2)

0.07

Up/Ucr

4.7 (2.3-8.0)

3.7 (1.4-7.3)

0.10

Serum albumin (g/dL)

3.1 ± 0.6

3.4 ± 0.6

0.06

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

8.1 ± 1.1

8.6 ± 1.5

0.02

Ca-P product (mg2/dL2)

53.6 (44.2-64.8)

51.9 (42.8-61.4)

0.44

C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.15 (0.05-0.44)

0.06 (0.02-0.21)

0.01

intact-PTH (pg/mL)

227 (150-315)

260 (170-420)

0.08

CCA-IMT (mm)

0.83 (0.72-1.10)

0.71 (0.57-0.80)

< 0.01

CAP

77 (82)

9 (23)

< 0.01

Calcified plaque

46 (49)

0 (0)

< 0.01

AAC

67 (71)

5 (13)

< 0.01

Low ABI

20 (22)

1 (3)

< 0.01

  1. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; CAAC, carotid artery calcification; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Up/Ucr, urinary protein-creatinine ratio; Ca-P, calcium-phosphorus; PTH, parathyroid hormone; CCA-IMT, common carotid artery-intima-media thickness; CAP carotid artery plaque; AAC, aortic arch calcification; ABI, ankle-brachial index.