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Table 4 Characteristics at the initiation of hemodialysis of the 133 patients with and without all-cause death

From: Carotid artery calcification at the initiation of hemodialysis is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease: a cohort study

Variables

Death (+)

Death (-)

p value

No. of patients

42 (32)

91 (68)

 

Age (y)

71.4 ± 8.3

61.4 ± 10.0

< 0.01

Male

27 (64)

50 (55)

0.31

Hypertension

40 (95)

85 (93)

0.67

Diabetes mellitus

23 (55)

53 (58)

0.71

Dyslipidemia

30 (71)

72 (79)

0.34

Smoking

16 (38)

43 (47)

0.32

Previous CV disease

20 (48)

32 (35)

0.17

Dose of ESA (U/week)

9000 (6000-9000)

9000 (6000-9000)

0.92

Satins

10 (24)

20 (22)

0.81

ACEI and/or ARB

16 (38)

49 (54)

0.09

SBP (mm Hg)

153 ± 15

156 ± 23

0.49

DBP (mm Hg)

77 ± 10

81 ± 10

0.03

Pulse pressure (mm Hg)

77 ± 12

75 ± 18

0.55

Body mass index (kg/m2)

20 (17-23)

21 (19-22)

0.23

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

89 (73-102)

92 (81-114)

0.09

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

9.3 (6.9-10.3)

9.2 (8.0-10.7)

0.30

Up/Ucr

4.3 (1.9-7.9)

4.7 (1.9-7.9)

0.66

Serum albumin (g/dL)

3.1 ± 0.5

3.3 ± 0.6

0.11

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

8.3 ± 1.3

8.2 ± 1.3

0.86

Ca-P product (mg2/dL2)

51.2 (42.1-57.5)

53.7 (44.2-65.3)

0.18

C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.18 (0.07-0.51)

0.07 (0.04-0.25)

0.04

intact-PTH (pg/mL)

235 (168-273)

250 (148-390)

0.32

CCA-IMT (mm)

0.83 (0.74-1.12)

0.76 (0.64-0.90)

< 0.01

CAP

32 (76)

54 (59)

0.05

Calcified plaque

23 (55)

23 (25)

< 0.01

CAAC

37 (88)

57 (63)

< 0.01

AAC

28 (67)

44 (48)

< 0.05

Low ABI

12 (29)

9 (10)

< 0.01

Duration of follow-up (months)

29.1 (17.8-48.5)

53.6 (45.4-67.8)

< 0.01

  1. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Up/Ucr, urinary protein-creatinine ratio; Ca-P, calcium-phosphorus; PTH, parathyroid hormone; CCA-IMT, common carotid artery intima-media thickness; CAP carotid artery plaque; CAAC, carotid artery calcification; AAC, aortic arch calcification; ABI, ankle-brachial index.