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Table 4 Effects of hypertonic saline infusion (3%, 7 ml kg-1) on V, CH2O, u-AQP2CR, u-osm, u-cAMP, u-PGE2, and s-osm in 21 patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive controls during high and low sodium intake

From: Abnormal increase in urinary aquaporin-2 excretion in response to hypertonic saline in essential hypertension

  

Baseline

60 Min

120 Min

180 Min

PGLM RM

V (ml min -1 )

HS

Patients

8.7 (7.7; 9.6)§

5.0 (4.0; 6.0)†

4.1 (3.3; 4.8)†

3.3 (2.8; 3.8)†

P = 0.076

 

Controls

8.1 (7.4; 8.7)§

4.1 (3.1; 5.0)†

2.9 (2.2; 3.6)†

3.3 (2.6; 4.0)†

 

LS

Patients

7.4 (6.6; 8.2)

4.0 (2.6; 5.4)†

2.8 (1.6; 4.1)†

2.8 (2.1; 3.4)†

P = 0.078

 

Controls

6.6 (5.9; 7.2)

2.7 (1.9; 3.5)†

1.8 (1.1; 2.4)†

2.3 (1.7; 2.9)†

 

C H2O (ml min -1 )

HS

Patients

4.1 (3.1; 5.0)

-0.6 (-1.2; 0.0)†

-2.3 (-2.8; -1.9)†

-1.9 (-2.3; -1.5)†

P = 0.495

 

Controls

3.5 (2.7; 4.3)

-1.0 (-1.4; -0.5)†

-2.2 (-2.7; -1.7)†

-1.6 (-2.2; -1.1)†

 

LS

Patients

4.6 (4.0; 5.3)

0.9 (-0.2; 1.9)†

-0.6 (-1.6; 0.5)†

-0.7 (-1.4; 0.0)†

P = 0.216

 

Controls

4.0 (3.3; 4.7)

0.1 (-0.2; 0.4)†

-0.9 (-1.3; -0.5)†

-0.6 (-1.0; -0.1)†

 

u-AQP2 CR (ng mmol -1 )

HS

Patients

154 (137; 172)§

206 (179; 233)†

220 (196; 243)†

201 (179; 222)†

P = 0.055

 

Controls

156 (140; 172)§

162 (146; 177)

186 (155; 217)†

175 (151; 199)†

 

LS

Patients

109 (87; 130)

136 (120; 153)†

140 (125; 155)†

135 (125; 145)†

P = 0.589

 

Controls

118 (107; 130)

120 (94; 147)

129 (105; 153)

122 (105; 139)

 

u-osm (mOsm kg -1 )

HS

Patients

169 (130; 209)§

345 (311; 379)†

484 (445; 522)†

479 (431; 526)†

P = 0.237

 

Controls

172 (149; 194)§

371 (329; 413)†

542 (485; 599)†

486 (411; 562)†

 

LS

Patients

111 (98; 124)

263 (221; 305)†

433 (368; 497)†

405 (343; 467)†

P = 0.231

 

Controls

121 (101; 141)

271 (240; 303)†

497 (413; 581)†

438 (348; 529)†

 

u-cAMP (nmol min -1 )

HS

Patients

7.10 (6.04; 8.16)§

6.26 (5.58; 6.94)

5.87 (5.16; 6.58)†

5.62 (4.91; 6.33)†

P = 0.388

 

Controls

5.87 (4.95; 6.79)

6.02 (5.16; 6.87)

5.41 (4.73; 6.09)

5.34 (4.67; 6.02)

 

LS

Patients

6.34 (5.39; 7.30)

5.91 (5.24; 6.57)

5.19 (4.51; 5.87)†

5.25 (4.55; 5.95)†

P = 0.240

 

Controls

5.64 (4.58; 6.70)

4.91 (3.87; 5.95)†

4.30 (3.61; 4.99)†

4.67 (3.93; 5.40)†

 

u-PGE 2 (ÎĽmol min -1 )

HS

Patients

1095 (862; 1329)§

980 (383; 1577)

754 (590; 917)†

499 (418; 581)†

P = 0.772

 

Controls

1180 (843; 1516)§

868 (681; 1055)†

752 (559; 945)†

653 (454; 851)†

 

LS

Patients

2294 (1103; 3485)

1276 (864; 1687)†

648 (490; 806)†

679 (549; 809)†

P = 0.505

 

Controls

1487 (1049; 1926)

1072 (850; 1295)†

736 (536; 935)†

810 (602; 1018)†

 

s-osm (mOsm kg -1 )

HS

Patients

290 (289; 292)§

297 (296; 299)†

294 (292; 295)†

290 (289; 292)

P = 0.263

 

Controls

290 (289; 291)§

296 (295; 297)†

292 (291; 293)†

290 (288; 291)

 

LS

Patients

286 (283; 289)

294 (292; 296)†

292 (290; 294)†

289 (287; 291)†

P = 0.734

 

Controls

286 (285; 288)

293 (292; 295)†

291 (289; 292)†

288 (287; 290)†

 
  1. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals in brackets. V, urinary flow; CH2O, free water clearance; u-AQP2CR, urinary AQP2 excretion corrected for creatinine; u-osm, urine osmolality; u-cAMP, urinary cAMP excretion; and u-PGE2, urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion; and s-osm, serum osmolality. PGLM RM: patients compared with controls, GLM repeated measures with time as within-subject factor and blood pressure as between-subject factor. * P < 0.05, baseline patients vs. controls, Student's t-test. § P < 0.05, baseline HS vs. LS, paired samples t-test. † P < 0.05, compared with baseline, paired samples t-test
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BMC Nephrology

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