From: Limited knowledge of chronic kidney disease among primary care patients – a cross-sectional survey
Anatomy (n = 1498) | Physiology (n = 1497) | Etiology (n = 1499) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[How many healthy kidney(s) does a personneed to lead a normal life?] | [What is the function of a kidney in a human body?] | [What can cause kidney disease?] | |||||||
Correct | Incorrect | OR (95% CI) | Correct | Incorrect | OR (95% CI) | Correct | Incorrect | OR (95% CI) | |
Frequency (%) | 611 (40.8) | 887 | 1234 (82.4) | 263 | 767 (51.2) | 732 | |||
Age: mean(SD), year | 46.6 (14.9) ** | 50.6 (15.1) | 48.4 (14.9)^ | 51.2 (15.9) | 46.1 (14.6)** | 51.9 (15.2) | |||
Gender, freq (%) | |||||||||
Male | 324 (43.1) | 428 (56.9) | 620 (82.6) | 131 (17.4) | 378 (50.3) | 373 (49.7) | |||
Female | 285 (38.7) | 452 (61.3) | 608 (82.5) | 129 (17.5) | 386 (52.3) | 352 (47.7) | |||
Ethnicity, freq (%) | |||||||||
Chinese | 465(44.0) | 591 (56.0) | 907 (86.0) | 148 (14.0) | 557 (52.6) | 502 (47.4) | |||
Malay | 70 (28.5) | 176 (71.5) | 177 (71.4)** | 71 (28.6) | 125 (51.4) | 118 (48.6) | |||
Indian | 55 (37.2)** | 93 (62.8) | 114 (77.0) | 34 (23.0) | 61 (40.9) | 88 (59.1) | |||
Others | 21 (46.7) | 24 (53.3) | 34 (79.1) | 9 (20.9) | 24 (54.5) | 20 (45.5) | |||
Citizenship, freq (%) | |||||||||
Singaporean | 577 (41.4) | 818 (58.6) | 1152 (82.6) | 242 (17.4) | 724 (52.0) | 669 (48.0) | |||
Others (Permanent Residents and Foreigners) | 32 (33.3) | 64 (66.7) | 77 (80.2) | 19 (19.8) | 41 (41.8) | 57 (58.2) | |||
Education, freq (%) | |||||||||
Up to primary | 84 (26.0)** | 239 (74.0) | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 214 (66.3)** | 109 (33.7) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 114 (35.3)** | 209 (64.7) | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) |
Secondary | 213 (34.6) | 403 (65.4) | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) | 509 (82.8) | 106 (17.2) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 298 (48.3) | 319 (51.7) | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) |
Above Secondary | 313 (56.8) | 238 (43.2) | Reference | 506 (91.8) | 45 (8.2) | Reference | 352 (64.0) | 198 (36.0) | Reference |
Occupation, freq (%) | |||||||||
Professional & Exec | 148 (63.2) | 86 (36.8) | Reference | 208 (89.3) | 25 (10.7) | 159 (67.7) | 76 (32.3) | ||
Non-professional | 460 (36.8)** | 790 (63.2) | 0.6 (0.5-0.9) | 1015 (81.2)* | 235 (18.8) | 602 (48.2)** | 647 (51.8) | ||
Income (SGD), freq (%) | |||||||||
<$2000 | 233 (32.0)** | 495(68.0) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 727 (77.6)** | 163 (22.4) | 340 (46.6)** | 389 (58.4) | ||
$2000-$4999 | 232 (48.7) | 244 (51.3) | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 417 (87.6) | 59 (12.4) | 261 (54.9) | 214 (45.1) | ||
> = $5000 | 113 (61.1) | 72 (38.9) | Reference | 171 (92.9) | 13 (7.1) | 122 (65.9) | 63 (34.1) | ||
Having Children, freq (%) | |||||||||
Yes | 425 (39.0)* | 661 (61.0) | 896 (82.4) | 192 (17.6) | 534 (49.0)^ | 556 (51.0) | |||
No | 154 (47.2) | 172 (52.8) | 266 (81.6) | 60 (18.4) | 184 (56.6) | 141 (43.4) | |||
Having comorbidity, freq (%) | |||||||||
Yes | 245 (40.3) | 363 (59.7) | 499 (81.9) | 110 (18.1) | 282 (46.5)* | 325 (53.5) | |||
No | 332 (42.0) | 459 (58.0) | 651 (82.4) | 139 (17.6) | 430 (54.2) | 363 (45.8) | |||
Religion, freq (%) | |||||||||
Buddhism | 182 (38.8) | 287 (61.2) | 387 (82.7) | 81 (17.3) | 243 (51.7) | 227 (48.3) | |||
Christianity | 148(49.8) | 149 (50.2) | 272 (91.9) | 24 (8.1) | 162 (54.4) | 136 (45.6) | |||
Islam | 94 (30.1)** | 218 (69.9) | 226 (72.0)** | 88 (28.0) | 156 (50.3) | 154 (49.7) | |||
Others | 185 (44.8) | 228 (55.2) | 343 (83.3) | 69 (16.7) | 203 (49.0) | 211 (51.0) | |||
Age group, freq (%) | |||||||||
< 40 years | 207 (50.6) | 202 (49.4) | 344 (84.1) | 65 (15.9) | 257 (63.0) | 151 (37.0) | Reference | ||
40 – 60 years | 284 (39.0) | 444 (61.0) | 612 (84.1) | 116 (15.9) | 369 (50.5) | 362 (49.5) | 0.7 (0.6-1.0) | ||
> 60 years | 119 (33.2)** | 239 (66.8) | 277 (77.6)^ | 80 (22.4) | 140 (39.3)** | 216 (60.7) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | ||
Marital status, freq (%) | |||||||||
Married | 433 (39.1) | 675 (60.9) | 923 (83.3) | 185 (16.7) | 545 (49.2)^ | 562 (50.8) | |||
Single | 142 (46.9) | 161 (53.1) | 252 (83.2) | 51 (16.8) | 178 (58.6) | 126 (41.4) | |||
Divorced/ Separated /Widowed | 35 (41.7) | 49 (58.3) | 57 (68.7)** | 26 (31.3) | 43 (51.2) | 41 (48.8) |