| |
All participants
|
By CKD status (using MDRD)
|
By CKD status (using CKD-EPI)
|
|---|
| | |
CKD
|
Non-CKD
|
p
|
CKD
|
Non-CKD
|
p
|
|---|
|
Age (in years) (n = 5588)
|
45.22 ± 15.2
|
52.27 ± 14.78
|
43.75 ± 14.88
|
<0.0001
|
52.19 ± 14.9
|
43.85 ± 14.89
|
<0.0001
|
|
Gender
| | | | | | | |
|
Male
|
55.1%
|
61%
|
53.9%
|
<0.0001
|
62.5
|
53.7
|
<0.0001
|
|
Female
|
44.9%
|
39%
|
46.1%
|
37.5
|
46.3
|
|
Education
| | | | | | | |
|
< High school
|
43.6%
|
37.6%
|
45.1%
|
<0.0001
|
37.1
|
45.2
|
<0.0001
|
|
> = High school
|
56.2%
|
62.4%
|
54.9%
|
62.9
|
54.8
|
|
Residence status (urban)
|
49.7%
|
73.4%
|
44.7%
|
<0.0001
| | | |
|
Income (<$125/month)
|
63.7%
|
52.6%
|
69%
|
<0.0001
| | | |
|
Present or Past Smoker
|
19.9%
|
21.2%
|
20%
|
0.227
|
21.5
|
20
|
0.158
|
|
Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m
2
)
|
26.4%
|
31.6%
|
25.5%
|
<0.0001
|
31.6%
|
25.5%
|
<0.0001
|
|
Obesity (BMI > = 30 kg/m
2
)
|
11.7%
|
16.8%
|
10.7%
|
<0.0001
|
16.6
|
10.8
|
<0.0001
|
|
Abdominal obesity
|
36.5%
|
48.1%
|
36.4%
|
<0.0001
|
47.8%
|
36.6%
|
<0.0001
|
|
Diabetes
|
18.8%
|
31.6%
|
16.1%
|
0.000
|
32.2
|
16.1
|
<0.0001
|
|
HTN
|
43.1%
|
64.5%
|
41.9%
|
<0.0001
|
64.6
|
42.1
|
<0.0001
|
|
Anemia
|
33.1%
|
40.7%
|
31.8%
|
<0.0001
|
41.1
|
31.8
|
<0.0001
|
|
History of Ischemic heart disease
|
5.2
|
6.9
|
4.8
|
0.007
|
7
|
4.8
|
0.006
|
|
History of stroke
|
1.3%
|
2.6%
|
1%
|
<0.0001
|
2.5
|
1
|
0.001
|
|
History of Hypercholesterolemia
|
5.3%
|
7.7
|
4.8
|
<0.0001
|
7.6
|
4.8
|
0.001
|
|
History of PVD
|
2.4%
|
3
|
2.9
|
0.847
|
3
|
2.9
|
0.973
|
|
History of TB
|
4.6%
|
3.1
|
4.9
|
0.015
|
3.3
|
4.9
|
0.033
|
|
History of kidney stones
|
4.5
|
5.3
|
4.3
|
0.196
|
5.2
|
4.4
|
0.254
|
-
Diabetes: FBS > = 126 mg/dL or RBS > =200 mg/dL or self-reported or positive medication for diabetes confirmed by a physician.
-
HTN: BP > = 140/90 mmHg or self-reported or positive medication for hypertension confirmed by a physician.
-
Anemia: NKF definition: hemoglobin level <13.5 g/dl in men and 12.0 g/dl in women.
-
IHD: self-reported history of IHD or angioplasty or CABG.
-
PVD: Peripheral Vascular Disease.
