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Table 2 Baseline demographic and risk factors data for SEEK India Cohort

From: Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in India – results from the SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study

  All participants By CKD status (using MDRD) By CKD status (using CKD-EPI)
   CKD Non-CKD p CKD Non-CKD p
Age (in years) (n = 5588) 45.22 ± 15.2 52.27 ± 14.78 43.75 ± 14.88 <0.0001 52.19 ± 14.9 43.85 ± 14.89 <0.0001
Gender        
Male 55.1% 61% 53.9% <0.0001 62.5 53.7 <0.0001
Female 44.9% 39% 46.1% 37.5 46.3
Education        
< High school 43.6% 37.6% 45.1% <0.0001 37.1 45.2 <0.0001
> = High school 56.2% 62.4% 54.9% 62.9 54.8
Residence status (urban) 49.7% 73.4% 44.7% <0.0001    
Income (<$125/month) 63.7% 52.6% 69% <0.0001    
Present or Past Smoker 19.9% 21.2% 20% 0.227 21.5 20 0.158
Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m 2 ) 26.4% 31.6% 25.5% <0.0001 31.6% 25.5% <0.0001
Obesity (BMI > = 30 kg/m 2 ) 11.7% 16.8% 10.7% <0.0001 16.6 10.8 <0.0001
Abdominal obesity 36.5% 48.1% 36.4% <0.0001 47.8% 36.6% <0.0001
Diabetes 18.8% 31.6% 16.1% 0.000 32.2 16.1 <0.0001
HTN 43.1% 64.5% 41.9% <0.0001 64.6 42.1 <0.0001
Anemia 33.1% 40.7% 31.8% <0.0001 41.1 31.8 <0.0001
History of Ischemic heart disease 5.2 6.9 4.8 0.007 7 4.8 0.006
History of stroke 1.3% 2.6% 1% <0.0001 2.5 1 0.001
History of Hypercholesterolemia 5.3% 7.7 4.8 <0.0001 7.6 4.8 0.001
History of PVD 2.4% 3 2.9 0.847 3 2.9 0.973
History of TB 4.6% 3.1 4.9 0.015 3.3 4.9 0.033
History of kidney stones 4.5 5.3 4.3 0.196 5.2 4.4 0.254
  1. Diabetes: FBS > = 126 mg/dL or RBS > =200 mg/dL or self-reported or positive medication for diabetes confirmed by a physician.
  2. HTN: BP > = 140/90 mmHg or self-reported or positive medication for hypertension confirmed by a physician.
  3. Anemia: NKF definition: hemoglobin level <13.5 g/dl in men and 12.0 g/dl in women.
  4. IHD: self-reported history of IHD or angioplasty or CABG.
  5. PVD: Peripheral Vascular Disease.
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