Prophylaxis with erythropoietin versus placebo reduces acute kidney injury and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and intra-operative data of enrolled patients randomized to placebo or rHuEPO group

	Placebo group (n = 50)	rHuEPO group (n = 50)	p value
Age (years)	60 ± 16	63 ± 16	0.39
Sex: Male (%)	52	62	0.31
Underlining Disease:
Diabetes mellitus (%)	34	27	0.54
Hypertension (%)	63	79	0.15
Dyslipidemia (%)	38	36	0.92
Preoperative medication:
ACE inhibitor (%)	44	46	0.72
Angiotensin II recertor blocker (%)	22	24	0.86
Beta blocker (%)	46	50	0.62
Calcium channel blocker (%)	34	36	0.68
Diuretic (%)	26	30	0.24
Platelet inhibitor (%)	74	82	0.16
Statin (%)	62	60	0.84
Serum creatinine (SCr), mg/dL	1.05 ± 0.45	1.05 ± 0.27	0.94
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	67 ± 33	64 ± 29	0.44
eGFR > 60 (%)	48	38	0.48
eGFR < 60 (%)	52	62	0.32
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.2 ± 1.9	12.3 ± 1.7	0.72
Hematocrit (%)	36.2 ± 6.6	37.1 ± 5.2	0.45
Reticulocyte count (%)	1.19 ± 0.66	1.11 ± 0.63	0.53
Intra-operative data:
Operation time (minutes)	353 ± 76	341 ± 88	0.44
Arterial clamp time (minutes)	87 ± 31	82 ± 38	0.52
Central venous pressure (cm H₂O)	4.81 ± 4.07	4.52 ± 3.93	0.72
Intraoperative intake (mL)	1,628 ± 660	1,530 ± 477	0.55
Intraoperative output (mL)	958 ± 673	1172 ± 973	0.34
Intraoperative urine output (mL/kg/hour)	2.89 ± 1.73	2.96 ± 2.46	0.89

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