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Table 5 Incidence rates of first episodes of human papillomavirus-related cancers by potential risk factors among persons with end stage renal disease and population controls during 1994-2010

From: Risk of human papillomavirus-related cancers among kidney transplant recipients and patients receiving chronic dialysis - an observational cohort study

Variable

No.

IRa(95% CI)

Unadjusted IRR (95% CI)

Adjusted IRRb(95% CI)b

Pc

Total

     

  Controls

798

40.8 (38.1-43.7)

1(reference)

1 (reference)

-

  ESRD

62

102 (79.5-131)

2.50 (1.93-3.24)

2.41 (1.83-3.16)

<0.001

Sex Controls

     

  Men

404

33.9 (30.8-37.4)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

-

  Women

394

51.5 (46.7-56.9)

1.52 (1.32-1.75)

1.54 (1.34-1.77)

<0.001

ESRD

     

  Men

27

71.3 (48.9-104)

1

1

-

  Women

35

153 (110–213)

2.14 (1.30-3.54)

2.11 (1.27-3.48)

0.004

Age (years) Controls

     

  14-49

83

18.8 (15.2-23.3)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

-

  50-64

242

40.2 (35.5-45.7)

2.14 (1.67-2.75)

2.11 (1.64-2.71)

<0.001

  ≥ 65

473

51.8 (47.3-56.7)

2.75 (2.18-3.48)

2.51 (1.98-3.18)

<0.001

ESRD

     

  14-49

15

73.0 (44.0-121)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

-

  50-64

34

165 (118–231)

2.26 (1.23-4.15)

2.39 (1.30-4.39)

0.005

  ≥ 65

13

66.0 (38.3-114)

0.90 (0.43-1.90)

1.03 (0.48-2.19)

0.9

Comorbidity level d Controls

     

  Low

591

36.8 (34.0-39.9)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

-

  Medium

152

52.1 (44.4-61.1)

1.41 (1.18-1.69)

1.23 (1.02-1.47)

0.03

  High

55

91.7 (70.4-119)

2.49 (1.89-3.28)

2.12 (1.60-2.81)

<0.001

ESRD

     

  Low

40

130 (95.1-177)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

-

  Medium

15

98.4 (59.3-163)

0.76 (0.42-1.37)

0.77 (0.42-1.41)

0.4

  High

7

47.5 (22.6-99.6)

0.37 (0.16-0.82)

0.39 (0.17-0.87)

0.02

  1. Abbreviations: No number of human papillomavirus-related cancers, IR incidence rate, IRR incidence rate ratio.
  2. a Per 100,000 person-years.
  3. b Adjusted for all variables in the table.
  4. c Calculated for the corresponding adjusted incidence rate-ratios.
  5. d 3 levels of comorbidity was created based on Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score at the date of first treatment with renal replacement therapy “Low” (CCI = 0), “Medium” CCI 1–2, and “High” CCI > 2. Renal diagnosis was not included in the CCI score in this study.