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Table 1 Differential diagnosis of hyponatremia

From: Multiple electrolyte disorders in a neurosurgical patient: solving the rebus

Hyponatremia

 

Hypervolemic

Euvolemic

Hypovolemic

TBW

++

+

+

+

-

_

TBNa

+

N

N

N

-

-

Urine Na

-

+

N/+

-

-

-

Urine Osm

+

+

+

-

+

+

Edema

+

-

-

-

-

-

BP

-

N

N

N

-

-

Diuresis

-/N

-/N

N

+

_

+

Possible diagnoses

CHF

SIAD

Drugs

Primary Polydipsia

NON renal Losses:

Renal Losses:

 

Cirrhosis

 

Nausea

  

Diuretics

 

Nephrotic Syn.

 

Addison

 

Vomiting

C/RSWS

     

Diarrhea

 
     

Sweating

 
  1. TBW: Total Body Water, TBNa: Total Body Sodium, BP: Blood Pressure, CHF: Chronic Heart Failure,
  2. SIAD: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis, C/RSWS: Cerebral Renal Salt Wasting Syndrome. N: Normal, +:elevated, -: reduced.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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