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Table 1 Association between hyperphosphatemia and selected biochemical, socio-demographic and health history variables

From: Hyperphosphatemia is associated with anemia in adults without chronic kidney disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 2005–2010

 

Phosphorus ≥ 4.4 mg/dL

Phosphorus < 4.4 mg/dL

P value

 

Means±SE or %

Means±SE or %

 

Biochemical

   

Albumin (g/dL)

4.31±0.01

4.26±0.01

<0.01

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL)

12.80±0.16

12.66±0.40

0.74

BUN ≥ 20 mg/dL

6.78

8.63

0.51

Vitamin D (25-0H-D) (ng/ml)

24.45±0.51

22.81±0.60

0.01

Vitamin D <10 (25-OH-D) (ng/ml)

4.05

5.58

0.12

Vitamin D >30 (25-OH-D) (ng/ml)

21.82

16.68

0.10

Parathyroid hormone(pg/mL)

38.25±1.48

44.09±1.64

0.02

Total calcium (mg/dL)

9.57±0.01

9.44±0.01

<0.01

Corrected calcium (mg/dL)

9.59±0.01

9.44±0.01

<0.01

Calcium >10 mg/dL

7.19

3.99

<0.01

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

202.14±1.15

194.90±1.88

<0.01

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.84±0.004

0.86±0.01

0.11

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.29±0.04

5.45±0.08

0.10

eGFR (MDRD)

94.57±1.01

92.31±0.73

0.051

eGFR (CKD-Epi)

98.16±0.60

95.90±1.09

0.052

Hemoglobin A1c

5.49±0.02

5.54±0.03

0.15

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

99.52±0.86

103.99±0.52

<0.01

C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.36±0.02

0.37±0.01

0.55

Anemia and Iron

   

Low hemoglobin levels*

6.62

5.04

0.03

Low hematocrit levels^

13.2

11.44

0.07

Low hemoglobin or hematocrit

13.51

11.69

0.08

Low Ferritin <12 ng/mL

12.78

11.96

0.60

High Transferrin Sat > 4.6 g/L

16.02

14.36

0.36

Socio-demographics

   

Gender

   

 Male

12.73

87.27

<0.01

 Female

17.66

82.34

 

Age (years)

42.34±0.49

45.91±0.65

<0.01

Ethnicity

   

 Mexican

14.16

85.84

0.56

 Other Hispanic

14.24

85.76

 

 White

15.29

84.71

 

 Black

15.16

84.84

 

 Other Race

16.65

83.35

 

Poverty income Ratio

3.07±0.06

3.08±0.05

0.90

Poverty income Ratio <1

14.54

13.07

0.14

Health History and Diet

   

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

27.86±0.20

28.75±0.25

<0.01

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)

31.32

36.08

0.08

Self reported diabetes

   

 Yes

7.76

92.24

0.07

 No

16.32

83.68

 

Phosphorus Intake mg/day

1410.25±21.91

1364.69±23.43

0.14

Steroids (>past 30 days, any)

0.70

0.44

0.20

Envrionmental Phenols

   

Urinary Benzopheone-3 (ng/mL)

   

 ≤6

15.62

84.38

0.13

 >6 & ≤30.1

13.07

86.93

 

 >30.1

16.98

83.02

 

Urinary Bisphenol A (ng/mL)

   

 <1.3

16.05

83.95

0.72

 ≥1.3 & <3

14.45

85.55

 

 ≥3

15.47

84.53

 

Urinary Tricolsan (ng/mL)

   

 ≤4.2

15.78

84.22

0.63

 >4.2 & <23.3

16.07

83.93

 

 ≥23.3

14.51

85.49

 
  1. *Low hemoglogin is defined as <12g/dL for women and <13g/dL for men.
  2. ^ Low hematocrit was defined as <36% for women and <41% for men.