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Table 2 Summary results of logistic regression analysis for exposures

From: Chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology: prevalence and causative factors in a developing country

Exposure

 

95% CI

  
 

OR

Lower

Upper

Pvalue

n

Education

     

  No education

Reference

   

174

  School grades 1–9

0.900

0.612

1.323

0.594

4374

  Higher

1.201

0.588

2.452

0.614

74

Smoking

     

  Never

Reference

   

3480

  Current/former

1.072

0.813

1.415

0.619

1126

Illicit alcohol consumption

     

  Never

Reference

   

3701

  Occasional/frequent/past

1.184

0.905

1.548

0.216

874

Occupation

     

  Other

Reference

   

2816

  Farmer

1.195

1.007

1.418

0.041

1780

Agriculture type

     

  Non-paddy

Reference

   

315

  Paddy

0.732

0.542

0.988

0.042

2620

Years working in agriculture

     

  <10

Reference

   

660

  10–19

0.834

0.603

1.152

0.271

777

  20–49

1.092

0.777

1.535

0.611

1182

  ≥50

1.322

0.462

3.785

0.602

22

Source of drinking water

     

  Not well

Reference

   

798

  Well

0.971

0.785

1.202

0.793

3819

Water storage container

     

  Others

Reference

   

1741

  Aluminium

1.03

0.87

1.22

0.715

2879

Protection from agrochemicals

     

  Yes

Reference

   

191

  No

1.011

0.661

1.546

0.959

4271

  1. Separate logistic regressions have been run per exposure variable; OR < 1 means protective, and OR > 1 means that the exposure increases the odds of CKDu. The total number (n) of observations varies per exposure, owing to missing data. All results are adjusted for sex and age. For all analyses, male sex was found to be protective and the risk increased with age.
  2. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio.
  3. Being male reduced the risk of CKDu (OR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.562 to 0.988; P < 0.05), and being >39 years increased the risk of CKDu (OR = 1.926, 95% CI = 1.561 to 2.376, P < 0.001).
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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