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Table 2 Incidence rate and hazard ratios for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and HCV-uninfected control groups during the 6-year follow-up period (n = 15910)

From: Hepatitis C virus itself is a causal risk factor for chronic kidney disease beyond traditional risk factors: a 6-year nationwide cohort study across Taiwan

 

Control group

HCV-infected group

p

(n = 12728) N (%)

(n = 3182) N (%)

No. of CKD

187 (1.5)

64 (2.0)

0.028

Mean follow-up (y)

5.92

5.88

0.0004

Total follow-up (person-year)

75371

18697

 

Incidence ratea

2.48

3.42

0.02

Mean time to CKD (y)

3.13

2.36

0.003

Crude HR (95% CI)

1.00 (reference)

1.38 (1.04-1.83)

0.026

Adjusted HR (95% CI)b

1.00 (reference)

1.75 (1.25-2.43)†

0.0009

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio.
  2. aPer 1000 person-years.
  3. bAdjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, liver cirrhosis, geographic region, urbanization level, enrolee category, and number of healthcare visits in 1 year before study entry.
  4. †Note: Adjusted HR with 95% CI of CKD in association with HCV was 1.97 (1.43-2.73, p < 0.0001) if the number of healthcare visits was not included in multivariate analysis.