Table 1 Baseline characteristics
| Ā | Whole subjects | Ā | Ā | Ā | Women | Ā | Ā | Ā | Men | Ā | Ā | Ā | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of subjects | 8335 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 2958 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 5377 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.862 | ||||||
Age, years | 59.7 | Ā± | 10.4 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 59.7 | Ā± | 10.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 59.6 | Ā± | 10.5 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.2 | Ā± | 3.3 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 21.8 | Ā± | 3.3 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 24.1 | Ā± | 3.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 83.3 | Ā± | 9.4 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 78.6 | Ā± | 9.5 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 85.9 | Ā± | 8.3 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125.0 | Ā± | 17.7 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 120.4 | Ā± | 18.7 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 127.6 | Ā± | 16.6 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.3 | Ā± | 10.7 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 74.4 | Ā± | 10.8 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 80.6 | Ā± | 10.0 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
Heart rate, bpm | 62.5 | Ā± | 9.2 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 63.2 | Ā± | 8.9 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 62.2 | Ā± | 9.4 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
Laboratory data | |||||||||||||||||||
āLDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | 124.0 | Ā± | 29.8 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 127.2 | Ā± | 31.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 122.3 | Ā± | 28.9 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āHDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | 62.0 | Ā± | 15.4 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 69.7 | Ā± | 15.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 57.8 | Ā± | 13.8 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āTriglycerides, mg/dL | 118 | Ā± | 76.6 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 91 | Ā± | 46.7 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 132 | Ā± | 85.4 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āC-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.04 | ( | 0.02 | - | 0.08 | ) | 0.03 | ( | 0.01 | - | 0.06 | ) | 0.04 | ( | 0.02 | - | 0.09 | ) | <0.001 |
āFBS, mg/dL | 101.7 | Ā± | 19.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 96.1 | Ā± | 17.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 104.7 | Ā± | 19.5 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āHbA1C,% | 5.5 | Ā± | 0.6 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 5.4 | Ā± | 0.5 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 5.5 | Ā± | 0.6 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āBUN, U/L | 14.9 | Ā± | 3.7 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 14.4 | Ā± | 3.6 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 15.1 | Ā± | 3.8 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āCreatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 | Ā± | 0.2 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.6 | Ā± | 0.1 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.9 | Ā± | 0.2 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āeGFR, mL/min/1.73Ā m2 | 73.5 | ( | 65.1 | - | 82.6 | ) | 75.6 | ( | 66.5 | - | 85.1 | ) | 72.3 | ( | 64.5 | - | 81.4 | ) | <0.001 |
āUAER, mg/g Cr | 5.8 | ( | 3.3 | - | 12.8 | ) | 7.3 | ( | 4.3 | - | 14.5 | ) | 5.0 | ( | 2.9 | - | 11.5 | ) | <0.001 |
Oxidative stress markers | |||||||||||||||||||
ād-ROM, CARR U | 338 | Ā± | 66 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 369 | Ā± | 68 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 321 | Ā± | 59 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āBAP, Ī¼mol/L | 2430 | Ā± | 251 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 2468 | Ā± | 239 | Ā | Ā | Ā | 2408 | Ā± | 255 | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
Smoking status | |||||||||||||||||||
āNever (%) | 4069 | ( | 48.8 | ) | Ā | Ā | 2430 | ( | 82.2 | ) | Ā | Ā | 1639 | ( | 30.5 | ) | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āFormer (%) | 3118 | ( | 37.4 | ) | Ā | Ā | 355 | ( | 12.0 | ) | Ā | Ā | 2463 | ( | 51.4 | ) | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āCurrent (%) | 1148 | ( | 13.8 | ) | Ā | Ā | 173 | ( | 5.8 | ) | Ā | Ā | 975 | ( | 18.1 | ) | Ā | Ā | Ā |
Medication | |||||||||||||||||||
āAntihypertensive (%) | 1815 | ( | 21.8 | ) | Ā | Ā | 457 | ( | 15.4 | ) | Ā | Ā | 1358 | ( | 25.3 | ) | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āGlucose lowering (%) | 355 | ( | 4.3 | ) | Ā | Ā | 69 | ( | 2.3 | ) | Ā | Ā | 286 | ( | 5.3 | ) | Ā | Ā | <0.001 |
āLipid lowering (%) | 871 | ( | 10.4 | ) | Ā | Ā | 339 | ( | 11.5 | ) | Ā | Ā | 532 | ( | 9.9 | ) | Ā | Ā | 0.025 |