Figure 1

Effect of subchronic exposure to cadmium on renal function parameters. Urinary flow rate (A), increased in cadmium + losartan (Cd + LOS) group compared to control (CT), losartan (LOS), and cadmium (Cd) groups. Plasma creatinine (B), and creatinine clearance (C) did not change in the all experimental groups studied. Data are means ± SEM, n = 9–10 rats per group. ^aP < 0.05 vs CT, ^bP < 0.05 vs LOS, ^cP < 0.05 vs Cd. Urinary flow rate was analyzed with one way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test; plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison test.