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Table 2 Frailty and physical function criteria

From: Association of frailty and physical function in patients with non-dialysis CKD: a systematic review

First author, year

Physical measurement

Physical measurement method

Outcome

Criteria

CKD and frailty associated with outcome

Wilhelm-Leen [14]

Modified Fried Frailty Criteria

• Low body weight (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2)

Frailty

3 or more frailty domains present

• Slow walking speed in timed 8 foot walk (lowest 20% adjusted for gender)

• Self reported weakness

• Self reported exhaustion

• Self reported low physical activity

Roshanravan [15]

Modified Fried Frailty Criteria

• Unintentional weight loss (≥10 lbs in last 6 months)

Frailty or Intermediate Frailty

Frailty: 3 or more frailty domains Intermediate Frailty: 1 or 2 frailty domains present

• Grip Strength (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and BMI)

• Self reported Exhaustion (lowest 20% score on SF-36)

• Slow walking speed in timed 15 foot walk (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and height)

• Self reported low physical activity (exercise <1 per week)

CKD and frailty associated

Odden [17]

Exercise and Functional Capacity

• Self-perception of physical function (assessed by SAQ)a

Physical Limitation and/or low Exercise Capacity

Physical Limitation: SAQ score <75

• Objective exercise capacity (treadmill test evaluated by Bruce protocol)b

Low Exercise Capacity: maximum exercise capacity <5 MET

Shlipak [18]

Fried Frailty Criteria:

• Unintentional weight loss (≥ 10 lbs or ≥ 5% loss in body weight)

Frailty

3 or more frailty domains present

• Slow walking speed on 15 foot walk (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and height)

• Grip Strength (lowest 20% adjusted for gender and BMI)

• Poor endurance and energy (CES-D questionnaire)

• Self reported low physical activity (lowest 20% adjusted for gender)

Fried [4]

Physical Function

• Self-reported difficulty in climbing 10 steps or walking one quarter of a mile

Functional Limitation

Two consecutive reports of difficulty involving the same function (stairs or walking, measured every 6 months)

Bowling [19]

Functional Decline

• IADL Scorec

Functional Limitation

IADL or BADL score lower than baseline values

• BADL Scored

Lattanzio [16]

Short Physical Performance Battery

• Slow walking speed test (scored 0–4)

Good, Intermediate or Poor physical performance

Grouping by SPPB Score: 0–4, 5–8 and 9-12

• Chair stand test(scored 0–4)

• Balance test (scored 0–4)

  1. BADL Basic Activities of Daily Living, BMI body mass index, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, MET metabolic equivalent tasks SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery, SAQ Seattle Angina Questionnaire. SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
  2. aSAQ scored from 0-100, High Score denotes better physical function.
  3. bBruce Protocol: maximum exercise capacity determined by total number of MET achieved in test.
  4. cIADLs list: using the telephone, light housework, heavy housework, preparing meals, shopping and managing money.
  5. dBADL list: bathing, transferring out of a bed or chair, eating, toileting and dressing.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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