The rationale and design of Insight into Nephrotic Syndrome: Investigating Genes, Health and Therapeutics (INSIGHT): a prospective cohort study of childhood nephrotic syndrome

Table 1 Observational Studies in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Author	Year	N	Ethnicity	Mean Age at Onset?±?SD, yrs (Range)	Male (%)	Mean Follow-Up Time?±?SD, yrs (Range)	Steroid Resistant (%)
Retrospective Studies
Ingulli [5]	1991	177	Black & Hispanic	7.3?±?4.6	No data	8.25?±?4.3	15.3%
				(1.0-16.75)		(1-15)
		65	Caucasian	7.8?±?4.8		8.8?±?4.1	6.2%
				(2-14.8)		(2-14.8)
Bircan [8]	2002	138	Turkish	4.9?±?3.56	61.2%	3.4?±?2.31	13.2%
				(1-15)		(1-6)
Ozkaya [9]	2004	392	Turkish	4.6?±?3.4	59.2%	2	23%^b
				(0.9-16)^a
Kim [10]	2005	103	Caucasian	4.3?±?3.5	51%	No data	3.6%
		96	African-American	8.2?±?5.2		No data	11%
Bhimma [3]	2006	816	Black & Indian	4.8	60.4%	2.5	27.3%
				(1.2-16)		(0.1-16.5)
Chang [11]	2009	99	Chinese	8.35?±?4.61	73.7%	5.06?±?4.35	N/A^e
				(2-18)
Mubarak [6]	2009	538	Pakistani	9.79?±?4.59	64.4%	No data	31.1%
				(0.8-18)^a
Otukesh [12]	2009	73	Iranian	5.9	52.0%	6.0?±?4.2	100%
						(0.5-16)
Copelovitch [4]	2010	112	Cambodian	8.95	63.4%	15.1	6.25%
				(0.6-15.75)		(3.7-2.73)
Banaszak [13]	2012	76	Caucasian (Poland)^c	2.7 (median)	54.5%	No data	15.8%
		102	Caucasian (Poland)^d	3.3 (median)	68%	No data	31.3%
Prospective Studies
Kumar [14]	2003	290	Northern and Eastern Indian	7.9?±?5.1	73.4%	No data	38%^b
Wong [15](Registry)	2007	49	New Zealand European, Maori, Pacific Islander, Asian, Other	6.1?±?3.8	71.4%	1	19.6%
Bakkali [16](Registry)	2011	231	No data (Netherlands)	5.08	67.1%	4	N/A^e

ISSN: 1471-2369