Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of women with different self-reported drinking histories

Age (years)

57.18 ± 11.59

57.49 ± 11.62

50.80 ± 8.77

48.74 ± 8.84

<0.001

CKD, n (%)

2209(14.4)

2148(14.7)

58(8.9)

3(6.5)

<0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

78.74 ± 17.45

78.58 ± 17.49

81.78 ± 16.28

84.78 ± 16.51

<0.001

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.83 ± 0.17

0.83 ± 0.17

0.82 ± 0.14

0.80 ± 0.13

0.005

Hypertension, n (%)

6187(40.3)

5998(40.9)

171(26.1)

18(39.1)

<0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

130.40 ± 21.18

130.69 ± 21.23

124.05 ± 19.02

127.70 ± 19.28

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

75.14 ± 11.83

75.14 ± 11.81

74.65 ± 12.11

80.39 ± 13.29

0.006

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

544(3.5)

524(3.6)

19(2.9)

1(2.2)

0.584

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

213.88 ± 41.00

214.06 ± 41.06

210.06 ± 39.42

211.37 ± 43.25

0.046

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

125.78 ± 96.20

126.17 ± 96.86

114.20 ± 73.61

167.43 ± 141.03

<0.001

Hyperuricemia, n (%)

1912(12.5)

1829(12.5)

78(11.9)

5(10.9)

0.868

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.44 ± 1.44

5.44 ± 1.45

5.44 ± 1.37

5.67 ± 1.13

0.538

Diabetes, n (%)

1801(11.7)

1758(12.0)

42(6.4)

1(2.2)

<0.001

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

102.69 ± 35.94

102.94 ± 36.36

97.50 ± 25.49

96.15 ± 16.30

<0.001

Liver dysfunction, n (%)

1894(12.3)

1797(12.3)

88(13.5)

9(19.6)

0.217

ALT (IU/L)

28.92 ± 38.35

28.93 ± 38.77

28.50 ± 28.79

28.93 ± 18.77

0.960

Anemia, n (%)

1711(11.1)

1632(4.3)

73(11.2)

6(13.0)

0.919

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

13.36 ± 1.32

13.36 ± 1.32

13.36 ± 1.36

13.47 ± 1.41

0.847

WBC counts (10³/μL)

6.00 ± 1.73

6.00 ± 1.73

5.96 ± 1.66

6.31 ± 1.92

0.390

Proteinuria, n (%)

1326(8.6)

1278(8.7)

43(6.6)

5(10.9)

0.139

BMI (kg/m²)

24.93 ± 4.60

24.95 ± 4.64

24.69 ± 3.69

24.37 ± 3.74

0.268

Smoking, n (%)

222(1.4)

150(1.0)

59(9.0)

13(28.3)

<0.001

Betel nut chewing, n (%)

63(0.4)

35(0.2)

24(3.7)

4(8.7)

<0.001