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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by quartiles of AASI distribution

From: The ambulatory arterial stiffness index and target-organ damage in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease

Variables

Quartile1

Quartile2

Quartile3

Quartile4

(<0.42)

(0.42 ~ 0.53)

(0.54 ~ 0.63)

(>0.63)

 

(n = 145)

(n = 146)

(n = 146)

(n = 146)

Age (years)

36 ± 14

43 ± 16*

44 ± 17*#

48 ± 17*#&

Male:female ratio

81: 59

87:59

87:60

90:60

Number of diabetic

6

11

15

17

ACEIs or ARBs (%)

50.4

55.2

58.1

63.3

CCB (%)

18.4

21.5

24.6

27.8

Proteinuria (g/24h)

1.2(0.4-4.1)

1.3(0.5-3.3)

1.4(0.5-3.9)

1.2(0.6-3.2)

Hemoglobin (g/L)

121 ± 29

114 ± 30

113 ± 30*

105 ± 31*#&

Albumin (g/L)

33 ± 9

35 ± 22

33 ± 9

35 ± 8

Globulin (g/L)

23 ± 5

24 ± 5

24 ± 6

25 ± 6

Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

235 ± 215

329 ± 216*

338 ± 261*#

445 ± 254*#&

Serum Cystatin C (mg/L)

1.9 ± 1.5

2.4 ± 1.8*

2.6 ± 2.0*#

3.5 ± 2.5*#&

eGFR-MDRD (ml/min/1.73m2)

81(22-115)

51(10-103)*

47(12-102)*

27(6-89)*#&

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

6.3 ± 3.1

6.2 ± 3.0

6.2 ± 3.5

5.5 ± 2.8

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

2.1 ± 1.5

2.2 ± 1.4

2.5 ± 2.4

2.0 ± 1.9

LDL-C (mmol/L)

4.1 ± 2.5

4.0 ± 2.0

3.9 ± 2.5

3.5 ± 2.1

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.4

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 1.8

5.1 ± 1.9

5.2 ± 1.8

5.3 ± 2.0

Calcium (mg/dL)

8.6 ± 0.8

8.7 ± 0.9

8.4 ± 1.0#

8.5 ± 0.9

Phosphate (mmol/L)

4.1 ± 1.1

4.5 ± 1.6*

4.5 ± 1.6*

4.9 ± 1.8*#&

Calcium × Phosphate (mg2/dl2)

35 ± 8

39 ± 13*

37 ± 10

41 ± 13*&

iPTH (pg/ml)

116 ± 98

139 ± 94

155 ± 130*

217 ± 167*#&

Urine acid (mmol/L)

433 ± 150

460 ± 156

466 ± 146

470 ± 157

homocysteine (μmol/L)

14.3 ± 8.6

18.2 ± 10.0*

16.8 ± 8.4*

16.2 ± 7.9*

LVEF (%)

63 ± 18

64 ± 16

66 ± 12

65 ± 14

LVMI (g/m2.7)

43 ± 15

49 ± 17*

56 ± 27*

54 ± 19*

E/A ratio

1.3 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4*

1.2 ± 0.6

1.1 ± 0.4*

cIMI (mm)

0.61 ± 0.22

0.64 ± 0.21

0.68 ± 0.25

0.73 ± 0.35*#

Number of plaque

6

10

19*

20*

Clinic- SBP (mmHg)

135 ± 21

141 ± 23*

146 ± 24*

145 ± 26*

Clinic-DBP (mmHg)

84 ± 14

85 ± 15

87 ± 14

84 ± 14

average-SBP (mmHg)

126 ± 17

131 ± 20*

138 ± 20*#

142 ± 20*#

average-DBP (mmHg)

78 ± 11

79 ± 12

82 ± 12

81 ± 11

SBP-daytime (mmHg)

128 ± 17

134 ± 18*

138 ± 19*#

143 ± 19*#&

DBP-daytime (mmHg)

79 ± 11

81 ± 11

82 ± 12

82 ± 11

SBP-bedtime (mmHg)

110 ± 31

122 ± 39*

128 ± 31*

135 ± 28*#&

DBP-bedtime (mmHg)

67 ± 19

74 ± 16*

77 ± 20*

78 ± 15*#

Decline of SBP-bedtime

7.9 ± 7.0

6.3 ± 6.0

6.0 ± 14

4.5 ± 11.4

Decline of DBP-bedtime

10.6 ± 8.5*

7.2 ± 8.9*

6.6 ± 13.6*

3.6 ± 11.5*&

24h-MBP

93 ± 12

96 ± 14

100 ± 13

101 ± 113*#

Variability of SBP (%)

14 ± 8

15 ± 8

15 ± 11

13 ± 8

Variability of DBP (%)

24 ± 20

20 ± 9*

18 ± 10*

16 ± 6*#

Variability of SBP-daytime (%)

13 ± 5

14 ± 5

13 ± 4#

12 ± 4#

Variability of DBP -daytime (%)

21 ± 7

19 ± 7*

17 ± 5*#

16 ± 5*#&

Variability of SBP-bedtime (%)

12 ± 6

12 ± 5

11 ± 6

10 ± 5*#

Variability of DBP -bedtime (%)

16 ± 7

16 ± 7

14 ± 6*#

13 ± 5*#

Pulse (beat/min)

75 ± 10

78 ± 10*

78 ± 11

78 ± 11

AASI (IU)

0.32 ± 0.08

0.48 ± 0.03*

0.59 ± 0.03*#

0.74 ± 0.08*#&

  1. (AASI: ambulatory arterial stiffness index, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, BMI: body mass index, CCB: calcium channel blocker, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; E: early mitral inflow filling velocity; A: peak mitral filling velocity at atrial contraction; cIMI: Carotid intima-media thickness. Serum calcium is corrected by the following formula: [calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [calcium] + ( 4.0-[serum albumin (mg/dl)]) × 0.8; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. *indicated contro with Quartile1 P < 0.05, # indicated contro with Quartile2 P < 0.05, &# indicated contro with Quartile3 P < 0.05).