Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects
From: High pulse pressure and metabolic syndrome are associated with proteinuria in young adult women
Total* | Persistent proteinuria | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | P | ||
Number, n (%) | 10367 | 10270 | 97 | - |
Age (years) | 28.9 ± 5.5 | 28.8 ± 5.5 | 29.3 ± 5.5 | 0.572 |
Smoker, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
Ex-smoker | 95 (0.9) | 87 (0.8) | 8 (8.2) | |
Current | 102 (1.0) | 93 (0.9) | 9 (9.2) | |
Height (cm) | 161.5 ± 4.9 | 161.4 ± 4.9 | 162.4 ± 5.1 | 0.243 |
Weight (kg) | 54.5 ± 8.5 | 54.0 ± 7.9 | 60.0 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9 ± 3.2 | 20.7 ± 2.9 | 23.2 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 69.6 ± 7.3 | 69.3 ± 6.6 | 74.2 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 107.0 ± 11.4 | 105.0 ± 10.9 | 118.1 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 66.7 ± 8.9 | 66.7 ± 9.0 | 66.3 ± 8.2 | 0.765 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 43.3 ± 9.3 | 38.4 ± 8.7 | 51.8 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 ± 0.9 | 12.7 ± 0.9 | 12.8 ± 1.2 | 0.552 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86.5 ± 13.3 | 85.7 ± 10.8 | 95.6 ± 28.5 | <0.001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.66 ± 0.10 | 0.64 ± 0.09 | 0.70 ± 0.15 | 0.013 |
Estimated GFR | ||||
CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 117.6 ± 10.8 | 117.7 ± 10.7 | 111.5 ± 17.1 | <0.001 |
MDRD Study (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 110.9 ± 33.1 | 111.0 ± 33.1 | 101.3 ± 23.2 | 0.048 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178.8 ± 29.4 | 177.8 ± 29.0 | 189.1 ± 31.7 | 0.015 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 67.6 ± 18.3 | 68.2 ± 18.5 | 62.2 ± 15.8 | 0.040 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 95.7 ± 27.3 | 94.7 ± 26.8 | 106.9 ± 30.7 | 0.006 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 78.0 ± 36.8 | 75.5 ± 35.0 | 104.7 ± 45.1 | <0.001 |
UACR (mg/g) | - | - | 0.45 (0.26-2.6) | - |
UPCR (mg/g) | - | - | 0.57 (0.31-3.6) | - |
Blood on dipstick test, n (%) | 0.015 | |||
None | 8558 (82.6%) | 8495 (82.7%) | 63 (64.9%) | |
Trace | 1540 (14.8%) | 1534 (14.9%) | 6 (6.3%) | |
Positive | 269 (2.5%) | 241 (2.3%) | 28 (28.8%) | |