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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population overall and by sex

From: Chronic kidney diseases in mixed ancestry south African populations: prevalence, determinants and concordance between kidney function estimators

Variables

Male

Female

p-value

overall

N

297

905

 

1202

Mean age, year (SD)

54.2 (15.4)

52.4 (14.6)

0.06

52.9 (14.8)

Mean body mass index, kg/m2 (SD)

26.6 (6.4)

31.0 (7.1)

<0.0001

29.9 (7.2)

Mean waist circumference, cm (SD)

94 (15)

97 (15)

0.002

96 (15)

Mean hip circumference, cm (SD)

101 (11)

112 (14)

<0.0001

109 (14)

Mean waist-to-hip ratio, (SD)

0.93 (0.08)

0.87 (0.09)

<0.0001

0.88 (0.09)

Mean systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD)

128 (19)

124 (20)

0.0006

125 (20)

Mean diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD)

78 (14)

75 (12)

0.001

76 (13)

Mean fasting blood glucose, mmol/l (SD)

6.4 (3.4)

6.3 (2.6)

0.55

6.3 (3.0)

Mean 2-hour blood glucose, mmol/l (SD)

6.8 (3.0)

7.5 (3.6)

0.001

7.4 (3.5)

Mean HbA1c,% (SD)

6.3 (1.6)

6.3 (1.4)

0.75

6.3 (1.4)

Mean total cholesterol, mmol/l (SD)

5.3 (1.1)

5.6 (1.2)

0.0001

5.6 (1.2)

Mean triglycerides, mmol/l (SD)

1.5 (0.9)

1.5 (0.9)

0.17

1.5 (0.9)

Mean HDL cholesterol, mmol/l (SD)

1.2 (0.4)

1.3 (0.3)

0.0001

1.3 (0.4)

Mean LDL cholesterol, mmol/l (SD)

3.4 (1.0)

3.7 (1.0)

0.0006

3.6 (1.0)

Median serum cotinine, (25th-75th percentiles)

10 (10–311)

10 (9–378)

0.05

10 (9–284)

Median GGT, (25th-75th percentiles)

32 (23–49)

25 (18–39)

<0.0001

27 (19–42)

Any diabetes, n (%)

80 (26.9)

237 (26.2)

0.80

317 (26.4%)

Current smoking, n (%)

146 (49.2)

341 (37.7)

0.0005

487 (40.5)

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ml/min

    

Cockcroft-Gault, mean (SD)

84.1 (27.0)

94.2 (33.7)

<0.0001

91.7 (32.5)

Cockcroft-Gault <60, n (%)

57 (19.2)

121 (13.4)

0.014

178 (14.8)

4-v-MDRD, mean (SD)

102.8 (26.5)

95.4 (28.0)

<0.0001

97.3 (27.8)

4-v-MDRD <60, n (%)

15 (5.0)

77 (8.5)

0.05

92 (7.6)

4-v-MDRD without ethnicity correction, mean (SD)

79.9 (20.6)

74.2 (21.8)

<0.0001

75.6 (21.6)

4-v-MDRD without ethnicity correction <60, n (%)

45 (15.1)

242 (26.7)

<0.0001

287 (23.9)

CKD-EPI, mean (SD)

97.2 (23.0)

93.4 (25.7)

0.02

94.3 (25.1)

CKD-EPI <60, n (%)

17 (5.7)

72 (8.0)

0.20

89 (7.4)

CKD-EPI without ethnicity correction, mean (SD)

83.9 (19.9)

80.6 (22.1)

0.02

81.4 (21.6)

CKD-EPI without ethnicity correction <60, n (%)

38 (12.8)

170 (18.8)

0.02

208 (17.3)

  1. Abbreviations: CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration Epidemiology; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; 4-v-MDRD, four variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; SD, standard deviation.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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