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Table 4 Association between blood pressure (BP) categories and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in Indian population

From: Ethnic differences in the association between blood pressure components and chronic kidney disease in middle aged and older Asian adults

BP categories

No. at risk (cases)

Prevalence of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2(%)

Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)

Multivariable model 1* OR (95% CI)

Multivariable model 2† OR (95% CI)

JNC-7 BP category‡

     

   Normal

532 (12)

2.3

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

-

   Prehypertension

834 (24)

2.9

0.98 (0.48-2.00)

0.87 (0.42-1.78)

 

   Stage1 hypertension

1052 (122)

11.6

2.98 (1.60-5.54)

2.40 (1.28-4.51)

 

   Stage 2 hypertension

810 (106)

13.1

2.63 (1.40-4.95)

1.98 (1.04-3.78)

 

   P trend

 

8.2

<0.0001

0.002

 

Hypertensive status

     

   Normotensive

1366 (36)

2.6

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

-

   Hypertensive

1862 (228)

12.2

2.86 (1.97-4.16)

2.43 (1.66-3.57)

 

Systolic BP quartiles

     

   Quartile 1 (79–121 mm Hg)

825 (42)

5.1

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

   Quartile 2 (122–133 mm Hg)

782 (64)

8.2

1.19 (0.78-1.82)

1.11 (0.73-1.71)

1.06 (0.69-1.64)

   Quartile 3 (134–147 mm Hg)

817 (54)

6.6

0.76 (0.49-1.18)

0.68 (0.44-1.07)

0.61 (0.39-0.96)

   Quartile 4 (148–237 mm Hg)

804 (104)

13.0

1.24 (0.83-1.84)

1.06 (0.71-1.59)

0.96 (0.64-1.45)

   P trend

  

0.5

0.9

0.5

Each 10 units increase in systolic BP

  

1.00 (0.94-1.08)

0.98 (0.91-1.05)

0.97 (0.90-1.04)

Diastolic BP quartiles

     

   Quartile 1 (43–69 mm Hg)

810 (102)

12.6

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

   Quartile 2 (70–76 mm Hg)

803 (72)

9.0

0.69 (0.49-0.96)

0.74 (0.51-1.06)

0.81 (0.56-1.16)

   Quartile 3 (77–83 mm Hg)

786 (52)

6.6

0.55 (0.38-0.79)

0.64 (0.42-0.97)

0.78 (0.52-1.17)

   Quartile 4 (84–136 mm Hg)

829 (38)

4.6

0.42 (0.28-0.63)

0.54 (0.32-0.90)

0.71 (0.45-1.13)

   P trend

  

<0.0001

0.01

0.1

Each 10 units increase in diastolic BP

  

0.67 (0.58-0.79)

0.71 (0.58-0.88)

0.83 (0.70-1.00)

Pulse pressure quartiles

     

   Quartile 1 (23–45 mm Hg)

804 (23)

2.9

1.00 (Referent)

1.00 (Referent)

1.00 (referent)

   Quartile 2 (46–55 mm Hg)

768 (45)

5.9

1.53 (0.89-2.57)

1.42 (0.83-2.42)

1.40 (0.82-2.41)

   Quartile 3 (56–67 mm Hg)

846 (72)

8.5

1.62 (0.98-2.68)

1.35 (0.81-2.25)

1.22 (0.72-2.04)

   Quartile 4 (68–121 mm hg)

810 (124)

15.3

2.15 (1.31-3.52)

1.66 (1.00-2.76)

1.46 (0.87-2.43)

   P trend

  

0.002

0.07

0.2

Each 10 units increase in pulse pressure

  

1.15 (1.06-1.25)

1.09 (1.00-1.19)

1.06 (0.97-1.16)

  1. Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. * Adjusted for age (years), gender, education (primary and below, high school and above), body mass index (kg/m2), smoking (current, former, never), alcohol intake (present, absent), diabetes status (present, absent).
  3. † Adjusted for variables in model 1 + antihypertensive medication use.
  4. ‡ BP classified according to Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
  5. Treatment of High Blood Pressure criteria (normal, systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg; prehypertension,
  6. systolic BP 120–139 or diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg; stage 1 hypertension, systolic BP 140–159 or diastolic BP 90–99 mm Hg;
  7. stage 2 hypertension, systolic BP ≥160 or diastolic BP ≥100 mm Hg).
  8. Hypertension was defined as a self-reported current use of antihypertensive medication or systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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