Table 1 Overview of accepted publications
Author, year | Study or database name | Study design | Duration of follow-up | Dialysis vintage | Dialysis type | Sample size | Allowed for non-linear relationship?* | Was the biochemical parameter associated with mortality after multivariate adjustment? | Graphical depiction?†| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PTH | Phosphorus | Calcium | |||||||||
Studies with adequate data for meta-analysis | |||||||||||
Block 2004 [10] | Fresenius Medical Care | Retrospective cohort | 12-18 months (total) | Maintenance | HD | 40,538 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (U-shaped for calcium, linear for albumin-adjusted calcium) |
Dukkipati 2010 [29] | DaVita-NIED | Prospective cohort | 63 months (total) | Maintenance | HD | 748 | Yes (for PTH only) | Yes | Not stated | Not stated | No |
Floege 2011 [16] | European Fresenius Medical Care | Retrospective cohort | 20.9 months (median) | Incident or Maintenance | HD | 7,970 | Yes (also used fractional polynomials) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kalantar-Zadeh 2006 [14] | DaVita | Prospective cohort | 24 months (total) | Maintenance | HD | 58,058 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Rodriguez-Benot 2005 [24] | Cordoba, Spain | Prospective cohort | 97.6 months (median) | Maintenance | HD | 385 | Yes (for phosphorus and PTH only) | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Tangri 2011 [30] | UKRR | Prospective cohort | 24 months (total) | Incident | HD, PD | 7,076 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Tentori 2008 [15] | Dialysis Clinic Inc. | Prospective cohort | 16.4 months (median) | Maintenance | HD | 25,588 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Studies that did not qualify for meta-analysis | |||||||||||
Block 1998 [31] | USRDS (CMAS and DMMS-1) | Retrospective cohort | 2 years | Maintenance | HD | 6,407 | Yes (also analyzed as continuous linear predictor) | No | Yes | Yes (text and figure are inconsistent) | Yes (J-shaped for phosphorus, linear for calcium and PTH) |
Block 2010 [32] | DaVita, CMS-ESRD | Prospective cohort | 2.2 years | Maintenance | HD | 25,150 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Chang 2006 [33] | VA Cooperative Study #440 | Post-hoc RCT | 4 years | Incident or Maintenance | HD | 197 | Yes | No | Not measured | Not measured | No |
Dreschler 2011 [34] | NECOSAD | Prospective cohort | 6 years | Incident | HD, PD | 1,628 | Yes (for PTH only) | Yes | Not stated | Not stated | No |
Dreschler 2011 [35] | NECOSAD | Prospective cohort | 3 years | Incident | HD, PD | 762 | No | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | No |
Etter 2010[36] | monitor! | Prospective cohort | 562 days (median) | Maintenance | HD | 170 | No | No | Not measured | Not measured | No |
Foley 1996 [37] | Royal Victoria Hospital | Prospective cohort | 5 years | Incident | HD, PD | 433 | Yes (calcium and phosphorus were binary) | Not measured | No | Yes | No |
Ganesh 2001 [7] | USRDS (CMAS and DMMS 1/3/4) | Retrospective cohort | 2 years | Maintenance | HD | 12,833 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not stated | Yes (U-shaped for PTH) |
Gutierrez 2008 [38] | ArMORR (Fresenius) | Prospective cohort | 1 year | Incident | HD | 10,044 | Yes (for phosphorus only) | Not stated | Yes | Not stated | No |
Hakemi 2010 [39] | Tehran, Iran | Prospective cohort | 18.4 months (mean) | Maintenance | PD | 282 | Yes (for calcium and PTH only, binary) | Yes | Not measured | Yes | No |
Hsiao 2011 [40] | Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | Prospective cohort | 1 year | Maintenance | HD | 109 | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Isakova 2009 [41] | ArMORR (Fresenius) | Prospective cohort | 1 year | Incident | HD | 10,044 | Yes (for phosphorus only) | Not stated | Yes | Not stated | No |
Jassal 1996 [42] | Belfast City Hospital | Prospective cohort | 1 year | Incident | NR | 99 | No | Not measured | Yes (but not on older subset of patients) | Not measured | No |
Jean 2009 [43] | Tassin la Demi-lune, France | Prospective cohort | 2 years | Maintenance | HD | 219 | Yes (for phosphorus only, Not stated for PTH and calcium) | Not stated | No | Not stated | No |
Kalantar-Zadeh 2010 [44] | DaVita-Los Angeles | Prospective cohort | 5 years | Incident or Maintenance | HD | 139,328 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (except for PTH) |
Kimata 2007 [45] | DOPPS 1/2 (Japan) | Retrospective cohort | 8,056 patient-years | Maintenance | HD | 3,973 | Yes (also analyzed as continuous linear predictors) | Yes, when linear No, when categorical | Yes, when categorical No, when linear | Yes, for both categorical and linear | Yes for phosphorus No for calcium or PTH |
Komaba 2008 [46] | Takasago, Japan | Retrospective cohort | 45 months | Maintenance | HD | 99 | Yes (binary only) | No | Yes (but analyzed with calcium only) | Yes (but analyzed with phosphorus only) | No |
Lacson 2009 [47] | Fresenius Knowledge Center | Retrospective cohort | 1 year | Maintenance | HD | 78,420 | In some models | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Leggat 1998 [48] | USRDS (CMAS and DMMS) | Retrospective cohort | 2 years | Maintenance | HD | 6,251 | Yes | Not measured | Yes | Not measured | No |
Lin 2010 [49] | Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | Prospective cohort | 18 months | Maintenance | PD | 315 | No | No | No | No | No |
Lowrie 1990 [50] | National Medical Care | Cross-sectional | 18 months | Maintenance | HD | 19,746 | No | Not measured | Yes | No | No |
Lukowski 2010 [51] | DaVita | Retrospective cohort | 3 years | Maintenance | HD | 58,917 | Yes (for phosphorus only, Not stated for PTH and calcium) | Not stated | Yes | Not stated | Yes for phosphorus No for calcium or PTH |
Maeda 2009 [52] | Kyushu University Hospital | Prospective cohort | 5 years | Maintenance | HD | 226 | No | No | No | No | No |
McNeill 2010 [53] | DaVita | Cohort, unspecified | 3 years | Maintenance | HD | 58,917 | Yes (for PTH only, Not stated for phosphorus and calcium) | Yes | Not stated | Not stated | Yes for PTH No for calcium or phosphorus |
Melamed 2006 [54] | CHOICE | Prospective cohort | 2.5 years (median) | Incident | HD, PD | 1,007 | Yes | Yes (as a time-dependent predictor) | Yes (as a time-dependent predictor) | Yes (as a time-dependent predictor) | No |
Miller 2010 [22] | DaVita-Los Angeles | Retrospective cohort | 5 years | Maintenance | HD | 107,200 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for calcium No for phosphorus or PTH |
Miller 2009 [55] | DaVita | Cohort, unspecified | 5 years | Maintenance | HD | 151,555 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Morrone 2009 [56] | MMTE (Italy) | Prospective cohort | 18.8 months (mean) | Incident | HD | 411 | Yes | Yes | Not stated | Not stated | Yes for PTH No for phosphorus or calcium |
Naves-Diaz 2011 [57] | Fresenius-CORES | Retrospective cohort | 4.5 years | Incident or Maintenance | HD | 16,173 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Naves-Diaz 2008 [58] | Fresenius-CORES | Retrospective cohort | 4.5 years | Incident or Maintenance | HD | 16,004 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Noordzij 2008 [26] | NECOSAD | Prospective cohort | 7.8 years | Incident | HD, PD | 1,621 | Yes (restricted cubic splines) | Not stated | Yes | Yes | Yes (spline) |
Noordzij 2005 [23] | NECOSAD | Prospective cohort | 7.5 years (max) | Incident | HD, PD | 1,629 | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
Phelan 2008 [59] | Beaumon Hospital (Ireland) | Retrospective cohort | 4.5 years (mean) | Incident | HD, PD | 1,007 | Yes (binary only) | No | Yes | No | No |
Port 2004 [60] | DOPPS I | Prospective cohort | 5 years | Maintenance | HD | 17,245 | Yes (for phosphorus only, binary) | Not measured | Yes | Not measured | No |
Saran 2003 [61] | DOPPS | Retrospective cohort | 1.8-2.9 years (median, depending on region) | Maintenance | HD | 14,930 | Yes (for phosphorus only, binary) | No | Yes | Not measured | No |
Shinaberger 2008 [20] | DaVita | Retrospective cohort | 3 years | Maintenance | HD | 30,075 | Yes (restricted cubic splines) | Not stated | Yes | Not stated | Yes |
Shinaberger 2008 [21] | DaVita | Retrospective cohort | 3 years | Maintenance | HD | 34,307 | Yes (restricted cubic splines, PTH only) | Yes | Not stated | Not stated | Yes |
Simic-Ogrizovic 2009 [62] | Clinical Center of Serbia | Prospective cohort | 3 years | Maintenance | HD | 130 | No | Not measured | Yes | No | No |
Sit 2008 [63] | Dicle University | Retrospective cohort | 10 years | Maintenance | NR | 1,538 | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Slinin 2005 [5] | USRDS (1/2/3) | Retrospective cohort | 3.9 years (mean) | Maintenance | HD | 14,829 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Stevens 2004 [25] | PROMIS | Prospective cohort | 2.6 years (median) | Maintenance | HD, PD | 515 | Yes (examined interactions; also modeled continuous, linear predictors) | No, when continuous Yes, when categorical with interactions | Yes, for both continuous and categorical with interactions | No, when continuous Yes, when categorical with interactions | No |
Takemoto 2009 [64] | Toranomon Hospital | Prospective cohort | 8 years | Maintenance | HD | 68 | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Wald 2008 [65] | HEMO | Post-hoc RCT | 6.5 years | Maintenance | HD | 1,846 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes for calcium and phosphorus No for PTH |
Young 2004 [66] | DOPPS 1/2 | Retrospective cohort | 2 years | Maintenance | HD | 15,475 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |