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Table 3 Mortality risk for relatively high biochemical parameter values versus referent values

From: Is there an association between elevated or low serum levels of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and calcium and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease? A meta-analysis

Study

Reference range

N*

RR for high values vs. referent (95% CI)

Follow-up (months)†

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

Block 2004 [10]

4.0-5.0

35,783

1.21 (1.14-1.29)

18

Kalantar-Zadeh 2006 [14]

5.0-6.0

36,955

1.20 (1.13-1.29)

24

Rodriguez-Benot 2005 [24]

3.0-5.0

375

1.96 (1.20-3.18)

97.6

Tangri 2010 [30]

3.5-5.5

6,538

0.74 (0.53-1.03)

24

Calcium (mg/dL)

Block 2004 [10]

9.0-9.5

23,168

1.14 (1.06-1.22)

30

Kalantar-Zadeh 2006 [14]

9.0-9.5

36,831

1.06 (1.00-1.12)

24

Tangri 2010 [30]

8.4-9.5

6,843

1.23 (0.95-1.58)

24

Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)

Dukkipati 2010 [29]

300-600

288

0.96 (0.60-1.55)

63

Floege 2010 [16]

150-300

2,443

1.35 (1.14-1.61)

20.9

Kalantar-Zadeh 2006 [14]

200-300

29,273

1.12 (1.06-1.18)

24

Tangri 2010 [30]

151-300

4,842

0.92 (0.71-1.20)

24

Tentori 2008 [15]

100-300

18,224

1.09 (1.02-1.16)

18.7

  1. CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
  2. *Sample size includes patients in the reference range plus those with relatively high biochemical parameter values.
  3. †The median or mean (or total, if median was not given) follow-up time in each study.