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Table 1 Demographic characteristics stratified by CKD stages (n = 1157)

From: Re-evaluating the predictive roles of metabolic complications and clinical outcome according to eGFR levels — a four-years prospective cohort study in Taiwan

 

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3a

Stage 3b

Stage 4

Stage 5

 

(n = 44)

(n = 102)

(n =96)

(n = 195)

(n = 389)

(n = 331)

Age, years

55.6 ± 13.5*

59.5 ± 14.1*

65.8 ± 13.8*

68.2 ± 12.9*

69.3 ± 12.8*

67.4 ± 12.3

Male, No. (%)

11 (25%)

57 (55.9%)

68 (70.8%)

135 (69.2%)

216 (55.5%)

156 (47.1%)

Diabetes, No. (%)

17 (38.6%)

25 (24.5%)

27 (28.1%)

86 (44.1%)

212 (54.6%)

193 (58.3%)

Hypertension, No. (%)

23 (52.3%)

44 (43.1%)

66 (68.8%)

149 (76.4%)

312 (80.4%)

272 (82.2%)

Primary cause

      

  Diabetes, No. (%)

16 (36.4%)

18 (17.8%)

29 (29.2%)

77 (39.6%)

193 (49.6%)

175 (52.9%)

  Hypertension, No. (%)

4 (9.1%)

14 (13.9%)

14 (14.6%)

12 (6%)

27 (6.9%)

8 (2.4%)

  CGN, No. (%)

3 (6.8%)

4 (4%)

2 (2.2%)

17 (8.8%)

46 (11.7%)

64 (19.2%)

  Gout, No. (%)

2 (4.5%)

21 (20.8%)

23 (22.5%)

37 (18.7%)

48 (12.3%)

17 (5.1%)

  Obstructive uropathy, No. (%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

3 (1.6%)

5 (1.4%)

12 (3.7%)

  ADPKD, No. (%)

1 (2.3%)

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

5 (2.7%)

7 (1.7%)

3 (1%)

  Unknown/other, No. (%)

18 (40.9%)

43 (42.6%)

30 (31.5%)

43 (22.5%)

63 (16.3%)

52 (15.8%)

Body mass index, kg/m2

27.1 ± 5.9*

25.5 ± 3.6*

26.0 ± 4.8*

25.7 ± 3.6*

25.8 ± 4.1 *

24.8 ± 4.0

Systolic BP, mmHg

131 ± 18

131 ± 17

135 ± 16

134 ± 18

137 ± 20

140 ± 21

Diastolic BP, mmHg

75 ± 9

75 ± 9

77 ± 10

73 ± 11

71 ± 11

72 ± 10

Laboratory

      

  eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 (MDRD)

112.8 ± 30.8*

72.6 ± 8.4*

51.8 ± 4.2*

36.2 ± 3.8*

22.1 ± 4.1*

9.4 ± 3.2

  eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 (EPI)

115.2 ± 32.4*

76.8 ± 10.2*

62.5 ± 11.9*

41.7 ± 8.5*

23.4 ± 6.9*

9.7 ± 4.0

  eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 (CG)

119 ± 35.8*

81.2 ± 18.7*

65.5 ± 41.3*

26.7 ± 8.7*

12.3 ± 4.3*

12.2 ± 4.3*

  BUN, mg/dL

14 ± 5*

15 ± 5*

19 ± 7*

25 ± 10*

28 ± 15*

67 ± 29

  Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.6 ± 0.1*

0.9 ± 0.1*

1.1 ± 0.1*

1.5 ± 0.1*

2.4 ± 0.4*

5.5 ± 2.2

  Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.7 ± 1.6*

14.1 ± 1.7*

13.9 ± 1.9*

12.7 ± 2.1*

11.3 ± 2.0*

9.6 ± 1.6

  Serum sodium, mEq/L

140 ± 2.4

141 ± 2.1

141 ± 2.6

139 ± 3.4

138 ± 7.7

137 ± 10

  Serum potassium, mEq/L

4.1 ± 0.4*

4.2 ± 0.6*

4.4 ± 0.5*

4.3 ± 0.6*

4.5 ± 0.6*

4.7 ± 0.8

  Serum calcium, mg/dL

9.3 ± 0.4

9.3 ± 0.3

9.4 ± 0.5

9.3 ± 0.5

9.2 ± 0.6

8.6 ± 0.7

  Serum phosphate, mg/dL

4.1 ± 1

4.4 ± 0.9

4.4 ± 1.6

4.7 ± 1.7

4.7 ± 1.7

4.9 ± 1.3

  Serum chloride, mEq/L

104 ± 3

103 ± 9

104 ± 3

104 ± 9

105 ± 8

103 ± 17

  Serum bicarbonate, mmol/L

26.6 ± 2.1*

27.2 ± 2.9*

27.5 ± 2.4*

26.4 ± 2.9*

24.6 ± 3.4*

20.8 ± 4.5

  Serum uric acid, mg/dL

4.8 ± 1.4*

4.9 ± 1.6*

5.5 ± 2.4*

6.7 ± 2.3*

7.7 ± 2.0*

7.8 ± 1.9

  Serum albumin, g/dL

4.2 ± 0.4*

4.2 ± 0.3*

4.1 ± 0.4*

3.9 ± 0.6*

3.7 ± 0.6*

3.5 ± 0.6

  Cholesterol, mg/dL

213 ± 53*

206 ± 41*

199 ± 44*

199 ± 45*

195 ± 47*

191 ± 53

  iPTH, pmol/L

43.2 (13.1, 87.3)*

48.4 (13.8, 135)*

53.2 (3.9, 169)*

52.9 (1, 158)*

98.3 (4, 400)*

196 (23.5, 1632)

  hs-CRP, mg/L

1.5 (0.2, 21.3)*

1.0 (0.2, 56.4)*

1.66 (0.2, 16.2)*

2.0 (0.2, 119.1)*

2.6 (0.2, 63.3)*

3.5(0.2, 187)

  Microalbuminuria, mg/day

225 ± 46*

291 ± 25*

391 ± 12*

949 ± 21*

739 ± 10*

780 ± 61

Cardiovascular disease, No. (%)

2 (4.5%)

6 (5.9%)

9 (9.4%)

43 (22.1%)

87 (22.4%)

78 (23.6%)

Use of ACEI/ARB, No. (%)

3 (6.8%)

6 (5.9%)

11 (11.2%)

82 (42.3%)

226 (58.2%)

219 (66.3%)

  1. The values are expressed as means (SD) or median (Min, Max). CGN, chronic glomerulonephritis; ADPKD; autosomal dominant.
  2. polycystic disease; BP; blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; EPI, CKD epidemiology.
  3. Collaboration; CG, Cockcroft-Gault; BUN; blood urea nitrogen; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;
  4. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; *p < 0.05 vs. stage V.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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