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Table 2 Effect of tolvaptan at baseline and during inhibition of the nitric oxide system on GFR (51-CrEDTA-clearance), urinary output (OU), free water clearance (C H2O ), urinary aquaporin2 excretion rate (u-AQP2), urinary ENaC Îł excretion rate (u-ENaC Îł ) and fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na ) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 19 healthy subjects

From: Effect of vasopressin antagonism on renal handling of sodium and water and central and brachial blood pressure during inhibition of the nitric oxide system in healthy subjects

Periods

Baseline

L-NMMA

Post infusion

P (GLM-within)

  

90-120 min

120-150 min

150-180 min

180-210 min

51 Cr-EDTA-clearance (ml/min/1.73 m2)

Placebo

99 ± 5

93 ± 10***

92 ± 8***

94 ± 8***

97 ± 9

0.522

Tolvaptan

97 ± 9

91 ± 12***

93 ± 9***

90 ± 12***

94 ± 12

p (GLM between) 0.527

p (paired t-test, between)

0.403

0.533

0.583

0.118

0.197

 

UO (ml/min)

Placebo

7.4 ± 1.3

3.0 ± 1.2***

4.2 ± 1.3***

4.9 ± 1.2***

6.3 ± 1.1

<0.0001

Tolvaptan

8.9 ± 1.7

4.3 ± 1.8***

4.2 ± 1.8***

4.9 ± 1.3***

5.7 ± 1.6

p (GLM between) 0.230

p (paired t-test, between)

0.009

0.026

0.965

0.861

0.124

 

C H2O (ml/min)

Placebo

4.6 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.0***

3.9 ± 1.2***

4.6 ± 1.0***

5.9 ± 1.0

<0.0001

Tolvaptan

5.8 ± 1.1

4.4 ± 1.8*

4.0 ± 1.6*

3.9 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 1.4

p(GLM between) 0.185

p (paired t-test, between)

0.002

0.009

0.756

0.063

0.097

 

u-AQP2 (ng/min)

Placebo

1.30 ± 0.27

1.04 ± 0.36*

0.99 ± 0.19***

1.06 ± 0.24***

1.11 ± 0.20

0.444

Tolvaptan

1.32 ± 0.28

1.08 ± 0.39

1.04 ± 0.23***

1.17 ± 0.32***

1.10 ± 0.21

p (GLM between) 0.614

p (paired t-test, between)

0.771

0.427

0.382

0.044

0.665

 

u-ENaC Îł (pg/min)

Placebo

476

-

367

-

442**

 

(398; 640)

(296; 756)

(308; 605)

Tolvaptan

320

-

430 ***

-

567***

 

(281; 379)

(361; 492)

(322; 537)

p (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, between)

<0.001

 

0.355

 

0.227

 

FE Na

Placebo

1.17 ± 0.62

0.77 ± 0.35*

0.78 ± 0.37*

1.12 ± 0.41

1.07 ± 0.35

0.945

Tolvaptan

1.29 ± 0.45

0.89 ± 0.34*

0.87 ± 0.32*

1.22 ± 0.30

1.18 ± 0.30

p (GLM between) 0.328

p (paired t-test, between)

0.326

0.073

0.073

0.198

0.200

 
  1. Data are shown as mean with ± SD or medians with 25th and 75th percentiles in parentheses. General linear model (GLM) with repeated measures was performed for comparison within the group and intervention as between subject factor. Post-hoc Bonferoni test (*) was used for comparison of infusion period 90–150 min vs baseline and post infusion period 150–210 vs baseline. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparison between treatment group at baseline and during infusion period 90–150 min, and at baseline and post infusion period 150 – 210 min. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001;***p < 0.0001.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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