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Table 1 Characteristics of the patients in the good sleepers group and the poor sleepers group

From: Association between sleep quality and cardiovascular damage in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

Characteristic

Overall

Good sleepers

Poor sleepers

P value

(n = 427)

(n = 95)

(n = 332)

Age (years)

39 ± 15

38 ± 13

39 ± 15

0.141

Sex ratio (M/F)

260/167

56/39

204/128

0.401

Duration of CKD (months)

5 (1–24)

6 (1–24)

5 (1–24)

0.761

Current smoker, n (%)

79 (18.5%)

20 (21.1%)

59 (17.8%)

0.457

Alcohol intake, n (%)

26 (6.1%)

7 (7.4%)

19 (5.7%)

0.626

BMI (kg/m2)

22.8 ± 3.6

22.7 ± 4.0

22.8 ± 3.7

0.784

ACEI/ARB (%)

240 (56.2)

56 (58.9)

184 (55.4)

0.560

Diabetes (%)

44 (10.3)

6 (6.3)

39 (11.7)

0.087

Proteinuria (g/24 h)

1.41 (0.46–3.82)

1.40 (0.46–4.12)

1.42 (0.46–3.76)

0.793

Hemoglobin (g/L)

118 ± 29

122 ± 25

117 ± 29

0.261

Albumin (g/L)

33.3 ± 8.9

33.0 ± 9.0

33.3 ± 8.9

0.810

Globulin( g/L)

23.5 ± 5.1

23.2 ± 5.2

23.5 ± 5.0

0.713

Serum cystatin C (mg/L)

1.5 (1.0-3.5)

1.4 (1.0-2.5)

1.4 (0.9-3.4)

0.450

Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

104 (69–355)

89 (66–214)

114 (70–423)

0.024

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

69.4 (15.8-110.9)

85.3 (32.3-121.2)

65.9 (13.2-109.6)

0.040

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.0 (4.0-6.8)

5.2 (4.2-6.6)

5.0 (4.0-7.1)

0.596

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.7 (1.1-2.6)

1.8 (1.1-2.9)

1.8 (1.1-2.7)

0.513

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.1 (2.3-4.5)

3.2 (2.6-4.3)

3.1 (2.3-4.6)

0.426

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.5

0.932

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.7 (4.2-5.3)

4.6 (4.2-5.0)

4.7 (4.2-5.3)

0.391

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.2 ± 0.7

9.1 ± 0.7

9.2 ± 0.7

0.139

Phosphate (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.5

1.3 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.5

0.274

iPTH (pg/mL)

54.6 (32.1-150.2)

48.1 (32.0-83.2)

54..7 (31.1-153.0)

0.173

Serum uric acid (umol/L)

440 ± 142

441 ± 139

441 ± 143

0.967

LVEF (%)

66.9 ± 7.7

67.9 ± 6.7

66.7 ± 7.9

0.330

LVMI (g/m2.7)

46.2 ± 14.0

41.7 ± 9.5

47.1 ± 14.6

0.019

LVH (%)

158 (40.2)

18 (28.1)

140 (41.3)

0.011

E/A ratio

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.4

0.027

CIMT (mm)

0.66 ± 0.20

0.64 ± 0.19

0.67 ± 0.20

0.443

Hypertension (%)

186 (43.6)

43 (45.3)

143 (43.1)

0.813

SBP (mmHg)

138.2 ± 22.2

137.9 ± 20.9

138.3 ± 22.5

0.921

DBP (mmHg)

84.8 ± 13.1

85.1 ± 11.0

84.7 ± 13.5

0.826

Depression (%)

176 (41.2)

12 (12.6)

164 (49.4)

<0.001

BDI-SF score

3 (1–7)

1 (0–2)

4 (2–8)

<0.001

PSQI score

9.4 ± 2.5

3.5 ± 1.3

10.9 ± 2.7

<0.001

CKD stage

    

CKD(I- II) (%)

222

55 (24.8)

167 (75.2)

0.117

CKD (III- V) (%)

205

40 (19.5)

165 (80.5)

 
  1. (SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BDI-SF: short form of the Beck Depression Inventory; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; E/A ratio: Early/late diastolic peak flow velocity ratio; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; Serum calcium is corrected by the following formula:[calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [calcium] + ( 4.0-[serum albumin(mg/dl)]) × 0.8, PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index).