Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by estimated Net Acid Excretion quintiles

From: Dietary acid load and chronic kidney disease among adults in the United States

Characteristics

Net acid excretion (mEq/day)

P- Value*

Quintile 1 (min- 37.35)

Quintile 2 (37.35–49.62)

Quintile 3 (49.62–60.89)

Quintile 4 (60.89–75.65)

Quintile 5 (75.65-max)

 

Age category (in years), (%)

     

<0.0001

20– < 40

717 (29.2)

834 (33.9)

845 (34.4)

887 (36.1)

1122 (45.6)

 

40– < 60

776 (31.6)

654 (26.6)

719 (29.2)

758 (30.8)

774 (31.5)

 

60– < 70

447 (18.2)

406 (16.5)

380 (15.4)

385 (15.7)

292 (11.9)

 

≥70

517 (21.0)

565 (23.0)

516 (21.0)

429 (17.4)

270 (10.9)

 

Age, continuous (mean ± SD)

47.1 ± 0.50

46.7 ± 0.61

46.9 ± 0.64

45.9 ± 0.48

42.9 ± 0.44

0.001

Gender, (%)

     

<0.0001

Male

879 (35.8)

1246 (50.7)

1407 (57.2)

1477 (60.1)

1442 (58.7)

 

Female

1579 (64.2)

1213 (49.3)

1053 (42.8)

982 (39.9)

1015 (41.3)

 

Race/Ethnicity, %

     

<0.0001

Non-Hispanic Blacks

381 (17.0)

342 (15.0)

395 (17.5)

458 (20.1)

639 (28.3)

 

Mexican Americans

468 (20.9)

488 (21.4)

564 (25.0)

615 (27.1)

685 (30.3)

 

Non-Hispanic Whites

1390 (62.1)

1450 (63.6)

1298 (57.5)

1201 (52.8)

937 (41.4)

 

Poverty Income Ratio, %

     

<0.0001

≤2

848 (37.2)

880 (39.0)

923 (41.2)

1101 (48.4)

1228 (54.9)

 

2– ≤ 3

389 (17.1)

335 (14.9)

386 (17.2)

338 (14.8)

365 (16.3)

 

3– ≤ 4

278 (12.2)

326 (14.5)

315 (14.0)

268 (11.8)

229 (10.3)

 

>4

762 (33.5)

713 (31.6)

618 (27.6)

570 (25.0)

413 (18.5)

 

Education History, %

     

0.002

<High School

563 (22.9)

637 (25.9)

727 (29.6)

841 (34.3)

1104 (44.9)

 

High School/Some College

1308 (53.3)

1269 (51.6)

1225 (50.0)

1201 (48.9)

1084 (44.2)

 

>College

583 (23.8)

551 (22.5)

500 (20.4)

413 (16.8)

267 (10.9)

 

Smoker, %

     

0.004

Current

570 (23.2)

527 (21.4)

456 (18.5)

511 (20.8)

594 (24.2)

 

Past

647 (26.4)

695 (28.3)

689 (28.0)

664 (27.1)

607 (24.7)

 

Never

1236 (50.4)

1235 (50.3)

1315 (53.5)

1280 (52.1)

1253 (51.1)

 

Diabetes, %

     

0.11

Yes

284 (11.5)

298 (12.1)

305 (12.4)

302 (12.3)

254 (10.3)

 

No

2175 (88.5)

2160 (87.9)

2155 (87.6)

2157 (87.7)

2203 (89.7)

 

Hypertension, %

     

0.27

Yes

855 (34.8)

864 (35.2)

845 (34.3)

824 (33.5)

731 (29.8)

 

No

1604 (65.2)

1594 (64.8)

1615 (65.7)

1635 (66.5)

1726 (70.2)

 

Cardiac Disease, %

     

0.005

Yes

367 (15.0)

296 (12.1)

279 (11.4)

220 (9.0)

182 (7.4)

 

No

2078 (85.0)

2146 (87.9)

2172 (88.6)

2231 (91.0)

2267 (92.6)

 

Total Caloric Intake, %

     

<0.0001

<2000 Kcal/day

2172 (88.4)

1669 (67.9)

1068 (43.4)

613 (24.9)

322 (13.1)

 

≥2000 Kcal/day

286 (11.6)

790 (32.1)

1392 (56.6)

1846 (75.1)

2135 (86.9)

 
  1. Poverty Income Ratio = a ratio of family income to poverty threshold.
  2. HTN = Hypertension defined as self-reported, avg BP > 140/90 or use of medications.
  3. Diabetes defined as self-reported or hemoglobin A1c (A1c) ≥ 6.5%.
  4. *By X2test for categorical variables and one-way ANOVA for continuous variables.
Back to article page

BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

Contact us