Observational multicenter study to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of subclinical atheromatosis in a Spanish chronic kidney disease cohort: baseline data from the NEFRONA study

Table 4 Subclinical atheromatosis detection in CKD and non-CKD patients

	Controls	CKD	CKD stage 3	CKD stages 4-5	CKD stage 5D	p value	p value
	n =559	n =2445	n =937	n =820	n =688	CKD vs controls	Between CKD groups
cIMT (mm)
All patients^a	0.705 (0.605-0.815)	0.725 (0.615-0.870)	0.765 (0.645-0.891)	0.705 (0.600-0.855)	0.695 (0.595-0.850)	<0.001	<0.001
Plaque-free common carotid^b	0.710 ± 0.150	0.710 ± 0.160	0.749 ± 0.164	0.699 ± 0.157	0.689 ± 0.154	NS	<0.001
Atheroma plaque presence (%)
Any territory	52.4	70.0	70.5	69.6	70.0	<0.001	NS
Only carotid artery	18.1	18.8	19.3	17.6	19.4	<0.001	NS
Only femoral artery	10.0	12.6	12.9	13.3	11.2	<0.001	NS
Carotid and femoral arteries	24.3	38.7	38.3	38.6	39.3	<0.001	NS
ABI
Mean ABI	1.03 ± 0.10	1.06 ± 0.27	1.02 ± 0.19	1.05 ± 0.21	1.14 ± 0.38	NS	<0.001
Pathologic ABI (%)	12.3	28.0	25.3	27.1	32.9	<0.001	0.003
ABI >1.4 (%)	1.4	11.0	5.6	10.2	19.5	<0.001	<0.001
ABI <0.9 (%)	10.9	17.0	19.8	16.9	13.4	<0.001	0.003
Atheromatosis score (%)						<0.001	NS
AS 0	38.1	30.3	28.4	33.4	29.3
AS 1	20.0	11.5	13.1	9.9	11.0
AS 2	41.7	53.5	54.1	51.5	55.2
AS 3	0.0	4.4	4.2	5.0	4.1

Data expressed as percentage or mean value ± standard deviation. ^aValues for all the patients, truncating IMT values of patients with plaques at 1.5 mm. Data expressed as median (interquartile interval). ^bValues for patients with no plaque in any common carotid artery. Abbreviations: CKD chronic kidney disease, cIMT common carotid intima-media thickness, ABI ankle-brachial index, AS atheromatosis score, NS not significant.

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