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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and medication use (full analysis population)

From: Effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ agonist aleglitazar on renal function in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: a Phase IIb, randomized study

Characteristic

Aleglitazar 150 μg (n = 149)

Pioglitazone 45 mg (n = 148)

Patient characteristics*

Age, years

66. 8 ± 8.0

68.2 ± 7.6

Women, n (%)

74 (50)

78 (53)

Race, white, n (%)

129 (87)

120 (81)

BMI, kg/m2

29.8 ± 3.3

29.8 ± 3.1

Median duration of diabetes, years

9.6 (0.4–40.2)

10.2 (0.2–48.2)

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

130.5 ± 8.3

132.1 ± 10.4

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

77.6 ± 7.1

76.6 ± 8.7

Smokers, n (%)

8 (5)

4 (3)

Laboratory data*

HbA1c, %

7.5 ± 0.9

7.6 ± 0.9

FPG, mmol/L

8.5 ± 2.3

8.7 ± 2.2

Triglycerides, mmol/L

2.3 ± 1.6

2.2 ± 1.2

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.2 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.7 (2.1–3.4)

2.9 (2.3–3.5)

Markers of renal function

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

46.5 ± 10.2

46.7 ± 10.2

SCr, μmol/L

123.6 ± 30.5

121.4 ± 29.2

Cystatin-C, μg/mL

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.3

UACR, mg/mmol

2.0 (0.27–257.97)

1.9 (0.24–551.33)

Markers of RAAS

Renin, pmol/L

34.4 (17.8–130.5)

27.0 (17.8–87.0)

Aldosterone, pmol/L

194.2 (111.0–332.9)

194.2 (111.0–305.1)

Sodium excretion (fractional), %

1.5 (1.0–1.9)

1.5 (1.1–2.1)

Renal tubular markers

  

α-GST, μg/L

3.1 (3.1–3.1)

3.1 (3.1–3.9)

NAG, U/L

2.9 (1.6–4.7)

3.2 (1.8–5.1)

Baseline medication use, n (%)

Glycemic control treatment

  

 Drug-naïve

6 (4)

7 (5)

 Oral antidiabetic agents

143 (96)

141 (95)

  Sulfonylurea

112 (75)

112 (76)

  Metformin

87 (58)

95 (64)

Antihypertensive medication

138 (93)

140 (95)

 Diuretics

73 (49)

81 (55)

 ACE inhibitors and/or ARB

120 (81)

121 (82)

Statins

78 (52)

68 (46)

Aspirins‡§

65 (44)

64 (43)

  1. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RAAS = renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; SCr = serum creatinine; UACR = urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
  2. *Mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified. Minimum–maximum range quoted. Aspirin, aspirin/diltiazem, aspirin DL-lysine or salicylic acid. §Total number of patients who received at least one treatment throughout the study.