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Table 3 Association of calcium with renal replacement therapy and rapid renal function progression

From: Low serum calcium is associated with poor renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease stages 3–4 patients

 

Quartile of serum calcium level (mg/dL)

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

HR (95% CI)

(<9.0)

(9.0 - 9.4)

(9.4 - 9.8)

(>9.8)

Renal replacement therapy

   

Unadjusted

2.12 (1.55-2.91)*

1.26 (0.90-1.76)

1.15 (0.79-1.68)

1 (reference)

Model 1

1.52 (1.10-2.10)*

1.32 (0.94-1.86)

0.97 (0.67-1.42)

1 (reference)

Model 2

1.64 (1.19-2.26)*

1.32 (0.94-1.86)

1.05 (0.72-1.54)

1 (reference)

Model 3

2.34 (1.65-3.31)*

1.58 (1.11-2.25)*

1.51 (1.01-2.25)*

1 (reference)

Model 4

2.12 (1.49-3.02)*

1.50 (1.05-2.15)*

1.42 (0.95-2.12)

1 (reference)

Rapid renal function progression

   

Unadjusted

1.44 (1.11-1.88)*

1.18 (0.90-1.54)

0.94 (0.70-1.26)

1 (reference)

Model 1

1.42 (1.06-1.91)*

1.28 (0.95-1.71)

0.93 (0.67-1.28)

1 (reference)

Model 2

1.56 (1.15-2.10)*

1.30 (0.97-1.75)

0.98 (0.71-1.36)

1 (reference)

Model 3

1.72 (1.25-2.35)*

1.40 (1.03-1.91)*

1.15 (0.82-1.61)

1 (reference)

Model 4

1.65 (1.19-2.27)*

1.35 (0.99-1.84)

1.11 (0.79-1.56)

1 (reference)

  1. Model 1 adjusts for age, gender, eGFR, log(UPCR).
  2. Model 2 adjusts for covariates in model 1 plus diabetes mellitus, cardio vascular disease, HbA1c, mean BP.
  3. Model 3 adjusts for covariates in model 2 plus hemoglobin, albumin, log(cholesterol), ln(CRP), body mass index.
  4. Model 4 adjusts for covariates in model 3 plus phosphorus, phosphate binder, PTH.
  5. HR, Hazard ratio; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UPCR, Urine protein to creatinine ratio; HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin; BP, Blood pressure; PTH, Parathyroid hormone.
  6. *(p <0.05) indicates a significantly different from reference group.