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Table 3 Hazard ratios for incident ESRD by county poverty and individual household income accounting for the competing risk of mortality

From: Low income, community poverty and risk of end stage renal disease

Ā 

Unadjusted

Model 1*

Model 2**

nā€‰=ā€‰23,314

nā€‰=ā€‰23,295

nā€‰=ā€‰23,295

ESRD, total eventsā€‰=ā€‰158

Ā Ā Ā 

County poverty levels (number of ESRD events)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒĀ High outliers (8)

1.54 (0.75-3.20)

1.03 (0.50-2.13)

0.96 (0.46-2.00)

ā€ƒĀ Extremely high (7)

1.36 (0.63-2.95)

1.20 (0.55-2.61)

1.10 (0.51--2.39)

ā€ƒĀ Very high (13)

1.14 (0.63-2.05)

1.25 (0.69-2.28)

1.16 (0.64-2.10)

ā€ƒĀ High (31)

1.13 (0.74-1.72)

1.09 (0.71-1.66)

1.04 (0.68-1.58)

ā€ƒĀ Neither (76)

Ref

Ref

Ref

ā€ƒĀ Low and very low (14)

1.00 (0.56-1.76)

1.21 (0.69-2.14)

1.19 (0.68-2.10)

ā€ƒĀ Low outliers (9)

0.68 (0.34-1.36)

1.00 (0.49-2.04)

1.01 (0.50-2.06)

Demographics

Ā Ā Ā 

Age, years, continuous

Ā 

1.02 (1.01-1.04)

1.02 (1.00-1.03)

Male

Ā 

1.63 (1.19-2.22)

1.82 (1.34-2.49)

Black (compared to white) race

Ā 

4.18 (2.89-6.06)

3.59 (2.47-5.23)

Socioeconomic status

Ā Ā Ā 

Educationā€‰<ā€‰High School (H.S.) compared toā€‰>ā€‰=H.S.

Ā 

1.18 (0.78, 1.78)

0.98 (0.64-1.51)

Income category, %

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒĀ Refused

Ā Ā 

2.17 (0.87-5.43)

ā€ƒĀ <$20,000

Ā Ā 

3.75 (1.62-8.64)

ā€ƒĀ $20,000 to <35,000

Ā Ā 

4.55 (2.04-10.13)

ā€ƒĀ $35,000 to <75,000

Ā Ā 

1.56 (0.66-3.64)

ā€ƒĀ ā‰„$75,000

Ā Ā 

Ref

  1. *Adjusted for county poverty, age, sex, race and education.
  2. **Adjusted for county poverty, age, sex, race, education and income.