Shorter daily dwelling time in peritoneal dialysis attenuates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells

Table 1 Basic characteristics of patients, according to presence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning

Variable	Non-EMT group (N = 15)	Mixed group (N = 8)	EMT group (N = 25)	P value
Age (years)	57.7 ± 14.7	57.4 ± 7.4	51.0 ± 9.1	0.17
Male, n (%)	7 (46.7)	6 (75)	15 (62.5%)	0.36
BMI (kg/m²)	23.0 ± 5.2	24.6 ± 3.6	24.5 ± 3.4	0.51
Diabetes mellitus (%)	10 (66.7%)	5 (62.5%)	10 (41.7%)	0.33
Hypertension (%)	14 (93.3%)	7 (87.5%)	19 (79.2%)	0.50
Albumin (g/dL)	3.7 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 0.4	3.8 ± 0.3	0.52
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	10.0 ± 1.5	10.8 ± 1.4	10.0 ± 1.5	0.48
Residual renal function	2.0 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 0.5	0.91
APD (%)	6 (40%)	1 (12.5)	9 (37.5%)	0.37
Glucose load (kg)^a	52.3 ± 49.4	103.8 ± 102.1	77.1 ± 95.2	0.37
PD duration (months)	15.9 ± 13.9	20.2 ± 23.0	15.9 ± 11.9	0.82
Total duration of dialysate exposure (months)^b	12.4 ± 14.7	20.1 ± 23.1	14.3 ± 12.0	0.44
Dwelling time^c				0.023*
Group 1 (%)	10 (66.7%)	1 (12.5)	5 (20.8%)
Group 2 (%)	3 (20%)	3 (37.5)	9 (37.5%)
Group 3 (%)	2 (13.3%)	4 (50%)	10 (41.7%)
Peritonitis (times)	0.8 ± 1.7	1.0 ± 1.5	0.4 ± 1.0	0.38
RAAS inhibitor (%)	24.0%	15.0%	33.1%	0.46
Statin (%)	25.3%	16.2%	20.0%	0.93

Abbreviations: EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning, BMI body mass index, APD automatic peritoneal dialysis, PD peritoneal dialysis, RAAS inhibitor renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor.
Notes: ^aTotal peritoneal glucose exposure (kg); ^bTotal peritoneum dialysate contact time; ^cGroup 1: daily dwelling time <24 h (ranging from 8–20 h), Group 2: daily dwelling time of 24 h with icodextrin-containing solution once daily, and Group 3: daily dwelling time of 24 h with all conventional dialysates; and *P < 0.05.

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