Table 3 Detection (n d ) and quantification (n q ) incidences and concentration ranges of blood volatile organic compounds
From: Blood and breath profiles of volatile organic compounds in patients with end-stage renal disease
Class | VOC | CAS | Blood before HD | Blood after HD | Wilcoxon blood before/after | Contaminants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | Range (median) | Incidence | Range (median) | Tubing | Membrane | ||||
nd(nq) | [nmol/L] | nd(nq) | [nmol/L] | ||||||
VSC | Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) | 75-18-3 | 14(14) | 2.3-146(18.7) | 14(14) | 1.2-38.7(5.7) | <0.001 | ||
Thiophene | 110-02-1 | 8(6) | 0.11-0.66(0.13) | 2(1) | 0.36 | 0.03 | |||
Sulfide, allyl methyl (AMS) | 10152-76-8 | 8(8) | 0.6-13(3.3) | 8(6) | 0.67-3.7(2.4) | 0.02 | |||
Sulfide, methyl propyl (MPS) | 3877-15-4 | 11(8) | 0.7-56(4.3) | 10(7) | 0.4-17.5(1.1) | 0.008 | |||
Ketones | Acetone | 67-64-1 | 14(14) | n.q. | 14(14) | n.q. | - | ● | ● |
3-Buten-2-one | 78-94-4 | 7(7) | 488-7370(1090) | 10(10) | 385-47360(1170) | n.s. | ● | ||
2,3-Butanedione | 431-03-8 | 1(1) | 967 | 1(1) | 285 | - | |||
2-Butanone | 78-93-3 | 14(14) | 13-1895(60) | 14(14) | 32-4330(164) | n.s. | |||
2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | 14(14) | 11.5-387(68) | 14(14) | 31.3-341(77) | n.s. | |||
2-Hexanone | 591-78-6 | 4(2) | 2.4-3.2(2.8) | 7(5) | 0.4-6.8(0.75) | n.s. | ● | ||
Cyclohexanone | 108-94-1 | 8(8) | 57-478(238) | 8(8) | 11-780(150) | n.s. | ● | ||
2-Cyclohexen-1-one | 930-68-7 | 4(4) | 73-344(232) | 4(4) | 55-225(98.5) | - | ● | ||
4-Heptanone | 123-19-3 | 14(14) | 1.8-130(35) | 14(14) | 14.5-200(41) | 0.03 | |||
3-Heptanone | 106-35-4 | 8(8) | 1.5-148(5) | 9(9) | 1.5-87(2.6) | n.s. | ● | ||
2-Heptanone | 110-43-0 | 9(9) | 1.5-31(6) | 12(12) | 3.5-128(19) | <0.001 | |||
Ald. | 2-Propenal | 107-02-8 | 8(8) | 4080-26100(12800) | 3(3) | 10200-15200(14800) | n.s. | ● | |
Propanal* | 123-38-6 | 7(7) | 5.9-44(17.5) | 5(5) | 6.5-820(23) | n.s. | ● | ||
2-Propenal, 2-methyl- | 78-85-3 | 1(1) | 54 | 1(1) | 54 | - | ● | ||
Hydrocarbons | Propane, 2-methyl- | 75-28-5 | 1(1) | 1.1 | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ● |
1,3-Butadiene | 106-99-0 | 2(2) | 0.57-0.9(0.74) | 1(1) | 0.27 | - | |||
n-Butane | 106-97-8 | 7(7) | 0.5-2.3(1.25) | 5(5) | 0.4-5.6(1.2) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Butane, 2-methyl- | 78-78-4 | 7(7) | 0.21-2.2(0.57) | 2(2) | 0.12-0.46(0.29) | n.s. | ● | ||
Isoprene | 78-79-5 | 14(14) | 1.3-25.6(4.1) | 14(14) | 2.8-36(6.6) | <0.001 | |||
2-Pentene, (Z)- | 627-20-3 | 2(2) | 0.13-0.6(0.37) | 2(2) | 0.1-0.27(0.19) | - | ● | ||
n-Pentane | 109-66-0 | 6(6) | 0.35-2(0.67) | 7(7) | 0.3-2.7(1.1) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
1,3-Pentadiene, (E)- | 2004-70-8 | 2(2) | 0.6-0.9(0.74) | 1(1) | 0.28 | - | |||
1,3-Pentadiene, (Z)- | 1574-41-0 | 2(2) | 0.17-0.18(0.17) | 1(1) | 0.07 | - | |||
1-Pentene, 2-methyl- | 763-29-1 | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ||
Pentane, 2-methyl- | 107-83-5 | 5(4) | 1.1-4.8(2.4) | 5(3) | 1.1-2.5(2.1) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Cyclohexane | 110-82-7 | 1(1) | 0.27 | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ● | |
1-Hexene | 592-41-6 | 4(4) | 0.15-8.7(3.3) | 5(5) | 0.09-6.1(0.4) | - | ● | ||
Pentane, 3-methyl- | 96-14-0 | 2(0) | <LOQ | 2(0) | <LOQ | - | ● | ||
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 10(10) | 0.09-7.3(0.35) | 9(9) | 0.16-2.9(0.33) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Hexane, 2-methyl- | 591-76-4 | 4(4) | 0.22-0.83(0.28) | 4(4) | 0.20-0.4(0.24) | - | ● | ||
1-Heptene | 592-76-7 | 2(2) | 0.28-0.63(0.46) | 1(1) | 1.8 | - | |||
2-Heptene | 592-77-8 | 1(1) | 3.8 | 1(1) | 2.7 | - | ● | ||
n-Heptane | 142-82-5 | 8(8) | 0.36-2(0.6) | 7(7) | 0.4-2.3(0.6) | n.s. | ● | ● | |
Heptane, 3-methylene- | 1632-16-2 | 9(9) | 0.09-52(0.62) | 10(10) | 0.26-44(0.95) | n.s. | ● | ||
3-Octene, (E)- | 14919-01-8 | 5(5) | 0.2-16(0.75) | 5(5) | 0.3-12(1.6) | - | ● | ||
Heptane, 2,4-dimethyl- | 2213-23-2 | 0(0) | <LOD | 0(0) | <LOD | - | ● | ||
Terpenes | α-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 6(6) | 13.7-239(48) | 6(6) | 13.4-183(35.5) | 0.03 | ● | |
3-Carene | 13466-78-9 | 12(12) | 6.2-116(12.5) | 12(11) | 4-65(11.6) | n.s. | ● | ||
m-Cymene | 535-77-3 | 1(1) | 2.33 | 1(1) | 2 | - | |||
p-Cymene | 99-87-6 | 14(14) | 3.4-84.5(17) | 14(14) | 3.6-69.5(11.7) | n.s. | |||
DL-Limonene | 138-86-3 | 13(13) | 22.6-982(163) | 13(13) | 23.7-1210(109) | n.s. | |||
Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | 2(2) | 126-310(218) | 2(2) | 79-173(126) | - | |||
Aromatics | Benzene | 71-43-2 | 10(10) | 0.14-7.1(1) | 5(5) | 0.19-2.33(1.3) | 0.01 | ||
Toluene | 108-88-3 | 11(11) | 0.28-14(1.2) | 10(10) | 0.22-9.5(0.65) | 0.01 | ● | ||
p-Xylene | 106-42-3 | 13(13) | 0.36-9.4(0.9) | 11(11) | 0.44-6.2(1.2) | n.s. | ● | ||
o-Xylene | 95-47-6 | 2(2) | 0.39-2.7(1.54) | 2(2) | 0.17-0.24(0.21) | - | |||
Heterocyclic | Furan | 110-00-9 | 7(7) | 0.06-37(0.7) | 9(9) | 0.21-113(1.7) | 0.03 | ● | |
Furan, 2-methyl- | 534-22-5 | 5(5) | 0.18-6.3(0.7) | 5(5) | 0.1-1.7(0.6) | - | |||
Furan, 3-methyl- | 930-27-8 | 4(4) | 0.07-0.37(0.08) | 4(4) | 0.06-0.16(0.07) | - | |||
Pyrrole | 109-97-7 | 2(2) | 16-20.8(18.4) | 0(0) | <LOD | - | |||
Pyrimidine | 289-95-2 | 9(8) | 15.9-485(45) | 8(8) | 22.4-166(44.5) | n.s. | |||
Furan, 2,5-dimethyl- | 625-86-5 | 3(3) | 0.25-2.6(2.16) | 3(3) | 0.25-2.45(1.29) | - | |||
Pyridine | 110-86-1 | 10(10) | 11.4-359(28.6) | 8(8) | 7.2-47(22.6) | n.s. | |||
Furan, 2-pentyl- | 3777-69-3 | 5(4) | 11-68(13) | 5(3) | 10-34(13) | n.s. | |||
Other | Acetonitrile | 75-05-8 | 6(6) | 201-6790(835) | 4(4) | 180-2280(1000) | - | ||
Ethyl Acetate | 141-78-6 | 2(2) | 0.9-916(458) | 2(2) | 25.4-53(39) | - | |||