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Table 2 Baseline characteristics by anti-depressant dose

From: Higher anti-depressant dose and major adverse outcomes in moderate chronic kidney disease: a retrospective population-based study

 

Higher dose

Lower dose

Standardized difference

 

N = 36,651

N = 81,160

Anti-depressant type, n (%)

   

Paroxetine

4,216 (11.5)

41,889 (51.6)

0.96

Mirtazapine

9,531 (26.0)

15,101 (18.6)

0.18

Venlafaxine

22,904 (62.5)

24,170 (29.8)

0.69

Demographics

   

Age, years, mean (SD)

73.7 (6.8)

75.6 (5.8)

0.29

Women, n (%)

22,472 (61.3)

54,631 (67.3)

0.13

Year of cohort entry, n (%)

   

2002-2005

16,434 (44.8)

4,2770 (52.7)

0.16

2006-2009

14,661 (40.0)

2,7984 (34.5)

0.11

2010-2011

5,556 (15.2)

10,406 (12.8)

0.07

Income quintile, n (%)

   

First (lowest)

7,663 (20.9)

16,725 (20.6)

0.01

Second

7,552 (20.6)

17,627 (21.7)

0.03

Third (middle)

7,034 (19.20

16,003 (19.7)

0.01

Fourth

7,118 (19.4)

15,226 (18.8)

0.02

Fifth (highest)

7,142 (19.5)

15,327 (18.9)

0.02

Missing

142 (0.4)

252 (0.3)

0.01

Rural Location, n (%)

5,386 (14.7)

10,943 (13.5)

0.03

Modified Charlson score Ŧ , n (%)

   

0 or no hospitalization

25,360 (69.2)

56,063 (69.0)

0.00

1

4,263 (11.6)

9,548 (11.7)

0.00

2

3,514 (9.6)

7,571 (9.3)

0.01

≥3

3,514 (9.6)

8,005 (9.9)

0.01

Co-morbidities £ , n (%)

   

Chronic liver disease

1,348 (3.7)

2,970 (3.7)

0.00

Chronic kidney disease*

1,609 (4.4)

3,772 (4.7)

0.01

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1,849 (5.0)

4,389 (5.4)

0.02

Coronary artery disease¶

12,951 (35.3)

31,350 (38.6)

0.07

Heart failure

4,133 (11.3)

10,715 (13.2)

0.06

Stroke/Transient ischemic attack

1,148 (3.1)

2,625 (3.2)

0.01

Diabetes mellitus (on medication)+

5,878 (16.0)

12,203 (15.0)

0.03

Medication ¥ , n (%)

   

Anticonvulsants

3,728 (10.2)

6,574 (8.1)

0.07

Gabapentin

363 (1.0)

525 (0.7)

0.04

Antipsychotics

2,499 (6.8)

3,752 (4.6)

0.09

Barbiturates

89 (0.2)

163 (0.2)

0.01

Benzodiazepines

15,736 (42.9)

35,681 (44.0)

0.02

Histamine2-receptor antagonists

3,417 (9.3)

9,764 (12.0)

0.09

Dopamine agonists

298 (0.8)

517 (0.6)

0.02

Muscle relaxants

311 (0.9)

564 (0.7)

0.02

Opioids

10,408 (28.4)

21,632 (26.7)

0.04

Overactive bladder medications

1,424 (3.9)

2,992 (3.7)

0.01

Prescribing physician, n (%)

   

General practitioner

27,884 (76.1)

62,622 (77.2)

0.03

Internist

251 (0.7)

669 (0.8)

0.02

Neurologist

179 (0.5)

408 (0.5)

0.00

Other

3,514 (9.6)

6,354 (7.8)

0.06

Missing

4,823 (13.2)

11,107 (13.7)

0.02

  1. £Co-morbidities were assessed in the five years prior to the index date using International Classification of Diseases 9th revision (ICD-9) and 10th revision (ICD-10) codes.
  2. ŦAssessed with an algorithm using diagnosis codes from hospitalizations in the five years prior; patients with no hospitalizations during this period were given a value of zero.
  3. *Identified individuals with CKD using an algorithm of diagnosis codes validated in our region for older adults [32].
  4. The algorithm identified patients with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 38 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range 27 to 52), whereas its absence identified patients with a median eGFR of 69 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range 56 to 82).
  5. ¶Coronary artery disease includes receipt of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention and diagnoses of angina.
  6. ¥Medication use was assessed in the 180 days prior to the index date.
  7. +Diabetic medications include oral hypoglycemics and insulin.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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