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Table 2 Multivariable regression models for Chronic Kidney Disease

From: Prevalence, determinants, and management of chronic kidney disease in Karachi, Pakistan - a community based cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Model 1*Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Model 2*Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Age in years

1.35 (1.28 – 1.41) For each 05 year increase

1.31 (1.24 – 1.38) For each 05 year increase

Physical activity

  

  < 840 METs

1.35 (1.04 – 1.75)

-

  ≥ 840 METs

1.00

 

Hypertension

  

  Hypertensive

NA

1.90 (1.40 – 2.57)

  Non-hypertensive

 

1.00

Diabetes mellitus

  

  Diabetic

NA

1.69 (1.18 – 2.43)

  Non-diabetic

 

1.00

Systolic BP, mm Hg

NA

1.15 (1.09 – 1.22) For each 10 mm Hg increase

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L

NA

1.08 (1. – 1.13) For each 1 mmol/L increase

Triglycerides, mmol/L

NA

1.07 (1.01 – 1.13) For each 0.5 mmol/L increase

History of stroke

  

  Positive

NA

1.73 (1.03 – 2.92)

  Negative

 

1.00

  1. NA = Not applicable; METs = Metabolic Equivalents; BP = Blood Pressure.
  2. *Final sample size for multivariable models was 2823 and models are based on stepwise forward selection method.
  3. The candidate variables for model 1 include socio-demographic determinants only, i.e. age, gender, educational status, tobacco use and physical activity. The final model was adjusted for clustering.
  4. The candidate variables for model 2 include all socio-demographic and clinical variables, i.e. age, gender, educational status, tobacco use and physical activity, hypertension status, diabetes status, history of CHD, history of stroke, body mass index, systolic BP, diastolic BP, fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total triglycerides. The final model was adjusted for clustering and history of coronary heart disease.