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Table 1 Pediatric Cases of HHS beyond Infancy

From: Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) in an 18-month old-child presenting as malignant hypertension: a case report

Authors

Year

Number of cases

Etiology

Outcome

Dixit et al.

current

One

Left renal arterial (3) stenoses

Successful renal auto-graft

Dahlem et al.

2000

One

Fibro-muscular dysplasia of left renal artery

Nephrectomy

Kaneko et al.

1994

One

Left renal artery stenosis

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

Misiani et al.

1994

One

Renin-producing leiomyosarcoma

Removal of the leiomyosarcoma; relapse