Characteristic | Laboratory Claims Indicating Hyponatremia† | p|| | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All Claims (n = 40,668) | Negative Test‡ (n = 39,261) | Positive Test§(n = 1407) | ||
Age, mean (SD), y | 59 (15.7) | 59 (15.7) | 67 (12.3) | < 0.001 |
Female sex | 24,694 (60.7) | 23,769 (60.5) | 925 (65.7) | < 0.001 |
Underlying conditions and comorbidities | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 1874 (4.6) | 1721 (4.4) | 153 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4279 (10.5) | 4020 (10.2) | 259 (18.4) | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 2742 (6.7) | 2605 (6.6) | 137 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
Coronary heart disease | 5857 (14.4) | 5560 (14.2) | 297 (21.1) | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 164 (4.0) | 141 (3.5) | 23 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 8342 (20.5) | 8102 (20.6) | 240 (17.1) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 14,825 (36.5) | 13,997 (35.7) | 828 (58.8) | < 0.001 |
Kidney disease | 1491 (3.7) | 1405 (3.6) | 86 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
Liver cirrhosis | 26 (0.1) | 24 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0.24 |
Metastatic carcinoma | 2325 (5.7) | 2246 (5.7) | 79 (5.6) | 0.87 |
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis | 1918 (4.7) | 1800 (4.6) | 118 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1613 (4.0) | 1546 (3.9) | 67 (4.8) | 0.12 |
Rheumatic disease | 1291 (3.2) | 1254 (3.2) | 37 (2.6) | 0.24 |
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone | 157 (3.9) | 91 (2.3) | 66 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Medications known to cause hyponatremia | 10,492 (25.8) | 10,144 (25.8) | 348 (24.7) | 0.35 |