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Table 2 Mortality Hazards Ratios

From: Comparative mortality of hemodialysis patients at for-profit and not-for-profit dialysis facilities in the United States, 1998 to 2003: A retrospective analysis

Characteristic Adjusted* Hazards Ratios (95% CI) P
Facility profit status   
   Not-for-profit Reference -
   For-profit 1.02 (0.99–1.06) 0.143
Facility affiliation   
   Freestanding Reference -
   Hospital-based 1.18 (1.14–1.23) < 0.0001
Year of dialysis inception   
   1998 Reference -
   1999 1.00 (0.97–1.02) 0.707
   2000 1.04 (1.01–1.07) 0.003
   2001 1.03 (1.00–1.06) 0.035
   2002 1.03 (1.00–1.06) 0.046
   2003 1.01 (0.98–1.04) 0.724
Age group (years)   
   ≤ 40 Reference -
   40 to 65 1.50 (1.44–1.57) < 0.0001
   > 65 2.34 (2.23–2.45) < 0.0001
Sex   
   Male 0.97 (0.96–0.99) < 0.0001
   Female Reference -
Race   
   White Reference -
   Black 0.78 (0.77–0.80) < 0.0001
   Other 0.76 (0.72–0.81) < 0.0001
Body mass index (kg/m2)   
   < 18.5 1.21 (1.17–1.25) < 0.0001
   18.5 to < 25 Reference -
   25 to < 30 0.84 (0.82–0.85) < 0.0001
   ≥ 30 0.76 (0.75–0.78) < 0.0001
Employment status   
   Employed Reference -
   Unemployed 1.20 (1.15–1.24) < 0.0001
   Retired 1.22 (1.18–1.27) < 0.0001
Cause of ESRD   
   Diabetes mellitus Reference -
   Hypertension 0.89 (0.88–0.91) < 0.0001
   Glomerulonephritis 0.73 (0.71–0.76) < 0.0001
   Other 0.99 (0.97–1.02) 0.490
Hospitalization (days)   
   0 Reference -
   0 to 5 1.13 (1.11–1.16) < 0.0001
   > 5 1.54 (1.50–1.57) < 0.0001
Infectious hospitalization 1.13 (1.10–1.16) < 0.0001
Atherosclerotic heart disease 1.06 (1.04–1.08) < 0.0001
Congestive heart failure 1.33 (1.31–1.36) < 0.0001
Stroke or TIA 1.19 (1.17–1.21) < 0.0001
Peripheral vascular disease 1.16 (1.14–1.17) < 0.0001
Dysrhythmia 1.25 (1.23–1.28) < 0.0001
Other cardiac disease 1.07 (1.05–1.10) < 0.0001
COPD 1.23 (1.21–1.26) < 0.0001
Gastrointestinal disease 1.21 (1.17–1.25) < 0.0001
Hepatic disease 1.07 (1.03–1.10) < 0.0001
Cancer 1.44 (1.41–1.48) < 0.0001
  1. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease. TIA, transient ischemic attack
  2. *Using proportional hazards regression with adjustment for for-profit status, facility affiliation, year of dialysis inception, age group, sex, race, body mass index, employment status, cause of ESRD, days of hospitalization, infectious hospitalization, and comorbid conditions.
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