Characteristic
|
Adjusted* Hazards Ratios (95% CI)
|
P
|
---|
Facility profit status
| | |
Not-for-profit
|
Reference
|
-
|
For-profit
|
1.02 (0.99–1.06)
|
0.143
|
Facility affiliation
| | |
Freestanding
|
Reference
|
-
|
Hospital-based
|
1.18 (1.14–1.23)
|
< 0.0001
|
Year of dialysis inception
| | |
1998
|
Reference
|
-
|
1999
|
1.00 (0.97–1.02)
|
0.707
|
2000
|
1.04 (1.01–1.07)
|
0.003
|
2001
|
1.03 (1.00–1.06)
|
0.035
|
2002
|
1.03 (1.00–1.06)
|
0.046
|
2003
|
1.01 (0.98–1.04)
|
0.724
|
Age group (years)
| | |
≤ 40
|
Reference
|
-
|
40 to 65
|
1.50 (1.44–1.57)
|
< 0.0001
|
> 65
|
2.34 (2.23–2.45)
|
< 0.0001
|
Sex
| | |
Male
|
0.97 (0.96–0.99)
|
< 0.0001
|
Female
|
Reference
|
-
|
Race
| | |
White
|
Reference
|
-
|
Black
|
0.78 (0.77–0.80)
|
< 0.0001
|
Other
|
0.76 (0.72–0.81)
|
< 0.0001
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
| | |
< 18.5
|
1.21 (1.17–1.25)
|
< 0.0001
|
18.5 to < 25
|
Reference
|
-
|
25 to < 30
|
0.84 (0.82–0.85)
|
< 0.0001
|
≥ 30
|
0.76 (0.75–0.78)
|
< 0.0001
|
Employment status
| | |
Employed
|
Reference
|
-
|
Unemployed
|
1.20 (1.15–1.24)
|
< 0.0001
|
Retired
|
1.22 (1.18–1.27)
|
< 0.0001
|
Cause of ESRD
| | |
Diabetes mellitus
|
Reference
|
-
|
Hypertension
|
0.89 (0.88–0.91)
|
< 0.0001
|
Glomerulonephritis
|
0.73 (0.71–0.76)
|
< 0.0001
|
Other
|
0.99 (0.97–1.02)
|
0.490
|
Hospitalization (days)
| | |
0
|
Reference
|
-
|
0 to 5
|
1.13 (1.11–1.16)
|
< 0.0001
|
> 5
|
1.54 (1.50–1.57)
|
< 0.0001
|
Infectious hospitalization
|
1.13 (1.10–1.16)
|
< 0.0001
|
Atherosclerotic heart disease
|
1.06 (1.04–1.08)
|
< 0.0001
|
Congestive heart failure
|
1.33 (1.31–1.36)
|
< 0.0001
|
Stroke or TIA
|
1.19 (1.17–1.21)
|
< 0.0001
|
Peripheral vascular disease
|
1.16 (1.14–1.17)
|
< 0.0001
|
Dysrhythmia
|
1.25 (1.23–1.28)
|
< 0.0001
|
Other cardiac disease
|
1.07 (1.05–1.10)
|
< 0.0001
|
COPD
|
1.23 (1.21–1.26)
|
< 0.0001
|
Gastrointestinal disease
|
1.21 (1.17–1.25)
|
< 0.0001
|
Hepatic disease
|
1.07 (1.03–1.10)
|
< 0.0001
|
Cancer
|
1.44 (1.41–1.48)
|
< 0.0001
|
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease. TIA, transient ischemic attack
- *Using proportional hazards regression with adjustment for for-profit status, facility affiliation, year of dialysis inception, age group, sex, race, body mass index, employment status, cause of ESRD, days of hospitalization, infectious hospitalization, and comorbid conditions.