Association of kidney function with inflammatory and procoagulant markers in a diverse cohort: A cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of MESA population by quintiles of cystatin C

	Cystatin C (mg/L)
	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5
	≤ 0.74	0.75–0.82	0.83–0.89	0.91–1.02	≥ 1.03
	(n = 1446)	(n = 1377)	(n = 1283)	(n = 1359)	(n = 1285)
	Mean ± SD, Median [IQR], or %					p-value for trend
Age	57 ± 9	59 ± 9	62 ± 9	65 ± 10	69 ± 10	<0.001
Female, %	65	53	49	47	49	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity, %
White	33	34	41	41	44
Chinese	17	13	10	11	8
African-American	30	30	26	24	28
Hispanic	19	24	23	24	20
Smoking History, %	44	49	50	53	53	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	27 ± 5	28 ± 5	28 ± 5	29 ± 6	30 ± 6	<0.001
Diabetes, %	14	13	12	12	21	<0.001
Hypertension, %	34	36	43	50	64	<0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	117 ± 32	119 ± 31	118 ± 31	117 ± 32	114 ± 32	0.006
HDL (mg/dL)	56 ± 16	51 ± 15	51 ± 14	49 ± 14	48 ± 14	<0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)	105 ± 37	104 ± 32	102 ± 22	104 ± 28	107 ± 31	0.128
Medication use, %
ACE-inhibitors	0.6	0.9	0.9	1.5	1.9	0.005
Beta-blockers	0.3	0.4	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.427
Statin use	11	14	15	16	19	<0.001
Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g)	5.1 [3.4, 10.3]	5.1 [3.2, 9.5]	5.1 [3.1, 9.0]	5.3 [3.3, 10.7]	7.4 [3.9, 20.0]	<0.001
Serum cystatin C (mg/L)	0.68 ± 0.06	0.77 ± 0.02	0.86 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.03	1.22 ± 0.36	<0.001
Creatinine-based eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	93 ± 16	87 ± 15	82 ± 19	77 ± 13	65 ± 16	<0.001

To convert LDL or HDL from mg/dL to mmol/L, divide by 39; to convert glucose, divide by 18; to convert urinary albumin/creatinine ratio from mg/g to mg/mmol, multiply by 0.114; to convert serum creatinine from mg/dL to μmol/L, multiply by 88.

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