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Table 1 Demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics of subjects by reduced renal function, albuminuira and CKD

From: Association of serum irisin and body composition with chronic kidney disease in obese Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

 

Reduced renal function

Albuminuira

CKD

Variables

No

Yes

P value

No

Yes

P value

No

Yes

P value

Demographics

         

N (%)

1075 (96.4%)

40 (3.6%)

 

889 (79.7%)

226 (20.3%)

 

857 (76.9%)

258 (23.1%)

 

Sex

  

0.6

  

<0.001‡

  

<0.001‡

Female (n, %)

737 (68.6%)

29 (72.5%)

 

584 (65.7%)

182 (80.5%)

 

562 (65.6%)

204 (79.1%)

 

Male (n, %)

338 (31.4%)

11 (27.5%)

 

305 (34.3%)

44 (19.5%)

 

295 (34.4%)

54 (20.9%)

 

Age (years)

53.0 ± 7.1

58.9 ± 6.7

<0.001‡

52.8 ± 7.2

54.6 ± 7.2

0.002†

52.6 ± 7.1

55.1 ± 7.3

<0.001‡

Education categories, (n, %)

  

0.2

  

0.1

  

0.4

Illiteracy

292 (27.2%)

10 (25.0%)

 

227 (25.5%)

75 (33.2%)

 

221 (25.8%)

81 (31.4%)

 

Elementary school

324 (30.1%)

6 (15.0%)

 

263 (29.6%)

67 (29.7%)

 

257 (30.0%)

73 (28.3%)

 

Middle school

243 (22.6%)

13 (32.5%)

 

215 (24.2%)

41 (18.1%)

 

204 (23.8%)

52 (20.2%)

 

High school

136 (12.7%)

6 (15.0%)

 

113 (12.7%)

29 (12.8%)

 

108 (12.6%)

34 (13.2%)

 

College or above

80 (7.4%)

5 (12.5%)

 

71 (8.0%)

14 (6.2%)

 

67 (7.8%)

18 (7.0%)

 

Life style

         

Ever smoking (n, %)

289 (26.9%)

6 (15.0%)

0.1

264 (29.7%)

31 (13.7%)

<0.001‡

258 (30.1%)

37 (14.3%)

<0.001‡

Ever drinking (n, %)

128 (11.9%)

2 (5.0%)

0.2

114 (12.8%)

16 (7.1%)

<0.001‡

112 (13.1%)

18 (7.0%)

<0.001‡

Physical activity (MET-h/week)

84.4 (54.4, 148.4)

84.0 (28.0, 140.0)

0.1

84.0 (46.2, 140.0)

102.0 (56.0, 163.8)

0.005†

84.0 (46.2, 141.8)

101.4 (56.0, 158.2)

0.027*

Body composition indices

         

BMI (kg/m2)

27.4 ± 3.1

27.9 ± 2.6

0.4

27.3 ± 2.9

28.1 ± 3.4

<0.001‡

27.3 ± 3.0

28.0 ± 3.3

<0.001‡

Waist circumference (cm)

93.6 ± 7.1

93.7 ± 5.5

1.0

93.4 ± 6.9

94.6 ± 7.6

0.023*

93.4 ± 7.0

94.3 ± 7.3

0.1

Waist hip ratio

0.937 ± 0.050

0.938 ± 0.049

0.8

0.936 ± 0.050

0.939 ± 0.047

0.5

0.936 ± 0.050

0.938 ± 0.047

0.6

Body fat mass (kg)

23.8 ± 5.3

25.8 ± 6.1

0.021*

23.5 ± 5.3

25.2 ± 5.4

<0.001‡

23.5 ± 5.2

25.2 ± 5.4

<0.001‡

Body fat rate (%)

34.7 ± 6.7

36.5 ± 6.9

0.1

34.1 ± 6.7

37.1 ± 6.4

<0.001‡

34.0 ± 6.7

36.9 ± 6.5

<0.001‡

Body fat free weight (kg)

45.9 ± 8.5

44.8 ± 6.8

0.4

46.4 ± 8.6

43.9 ± 7.5

<0.001‡

46.4 ± 8.6

44.0 ± 7.5

<0.001‡

Muscle mass (kg)

43.4 ± 8.2

42.2 ± 6.6

0.4

43.8 ± 8.2

41.4 ± 7.2

<0.001‡

43.8 ± 8.3

41.5 ± 7.2

<0.001‡

Clinical characteristics

         

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

133.7 ± 17.7

140.5 ± 20.1

0.019*

131.5 ± 16.4

143.6 ± 20.1

<0.001‡

131.2 ± 16.2

143.2 ± 19.9

<0.001‡

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.8 ± 10.8

81.2 ± 12.8

0.4

78.8 ± 10.4

83.9 ± 11.5

<0.001‡

78.8 ± 10.4

83.5 ± 11.6

<0.001‡

Serum albumin (g/L)

49.1 ± 2.4

48.4 ± 3.0

0.1

49.0 ± 2.4

49.2 ± 2.4

0.4

49.0 ± 2.4

49.1 ± 2.5

0.6

Serum glubulin (g/L)

25.9 ± 3.4

27.4 ± 3.1

0.009†

25.8 ± 3.4

26.9 ± 3.4

<0.001‡

25.7 ± 3.4

26.9 ± 3.3

<0.001‡

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.88 ± 1.29

1.83 ± 0.97

0.8

1.82 ± 1.25

2.10 ± 1.38

0.003†

1.81 ± 1.26

2.06 ± 1.34

0.009†

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.87 ± 1.09

5.88 ± 1.13

0.9

5.81 ± 1.07

6.09 ± 1.14

<0.001‡

5.81 ± 1.06

6.06 ± 1.14

<0.001‡

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.37 ± 0.30

1.35 ± 0.26

0.7

1.37 ± 0.30

1.36 ± 0.28

0.6

1.37 ± 0.30

1.36 ± 0.28

0.6

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.65 ± 1.02

3.76 ± 0.93

0.5

3.62 ± 1.00

3.78 ± 1.04

0.038*

3.62 ± 1.00

3.78 ± 1.02

0.024*

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

6.17 ± 1.77

5.84 ± 0.87

0.2

6.05 ± 1.51

6.60 ± 2.44

<0.001‡

6.06 ± 1.53

6.49 ± 2.31

<0.001‡

Glucose 120 min OGTT (mmol/L)

9.06 ± 4.13

8.85 ± 3.32

0.8

8.68 ± 3.80

10.52 ± 4.86

<0.001‡

8.69 ± 3.84

10.26 ± 4.68

<0.001‡

Fasting insulin (mIU/L)

12.7 ± 6.8

13.9 ± 6.1

0.3

12.3 ± 6.2

14.6 ± 8.3

<0.001‡

12.2 ± 6.2

14.5 ± 8.1

<0.001‡

HOMA-IR (*10-6 mol*IU*L-2)

3.54 ± 2.37

3.62 ± 1.72

0.8

3.36 ± 2.06

4.28 ± 3.14

<0.001‡

3.34 ± 2.07

4.21 ± 3.01

<0.001‡

HbA1c

6.21 ± 1.05

6.21 ± 0.65

1.0

6.15 ± 0.94

6.45 ± 1.34

<0.001‡

6.15 ± 0.95

6.41 ± 1.27

<0.001‡

Blood uric acid (mol/L)

360.2 ± 89.6

424.1 ± 119.9

<0.001‡

363.7 ± 90.1

357.5 ± 97.3

0.4

361.4 ± 87.9

366.0 ± 102.9

0.5

Hyperuricemia, (n (%))

404 (37.6%)

26 (65.0%)

<0.001‡

331 (37.2%)

99 (43.8%)

0.1

310 (36.2%)

120 (46.5%)

0.003†

Irisin (ng/mL)

7.29 (2.72, 14.82)

6.46 (2.84, 11.05)

0.5

7.18 (2.76, 15.15)

7.74 (2.58, 13.30)

0.8

7.18 (2.74, 15.23)

7.53 (2.74, 13.13)

0.6

Irisin-log transformed (ng/mL)§

1.30 ± 1.24

1.28 ± 1.04

1.0

1.31 ± 1.22

1.23 ± 1.29

0.6

1.31 ± 1.23

1.24 ± 1.25

0.6

  1. *p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001.
  2. §Irisin was log-transformed to obtain better approximation of normal distribution.
  3. All percentages are column percentage; except for percentages, all values are mean ± s.d. or median(25th, 75th) for non-normal distribution data.
  4. Abbreviations: A/G ratio, albumin/globulin ratio, BMI body mass index, CKD chornic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MET-h/week metabolic equivalent hours per week.