TWEAK/Fn14 system and crescent formation in IgA nephropathy

BMC Nephrology

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of IgAN patients, disease controls, and healthy controls

Characteristics	IgAN	LN	MN	FSGS	MCD	Healthy controls	P value
Characteristics	( n = 116)	( n = 18)	( n = 12)	( n = 8)	( n = 12)	( n = 50)	P value
Age (years)	34.0 ± 10.9	33.0 ± 9.9	55.7 ± 9.5 ^A-E	35.9 ± 13.1	31.8 ± 19.3	33.6 ± 5.5	<0.001
Men, n (%)	53 (45.7)	2 (11.1)	9 (75.0)	5 (62.5)	6 (50.0)	32 (64.0)	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	21.7 ± 3.0	21.7 ± 4.5	23.5 ± 2.5	24.3 ± 5.3	23.3 ± 3.8	22.0 ± 2.0	0.08
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	83.8 ± 13.8	82.4 ± 16.3	87.3 ± 8.9	85.8 ± 10.1	79.1 ± 8.1	86.0 ± 11.0	0.62
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m²)	81.9 ± 29.0	82.8 ± 32.6	79.3 ± 29.4	76.8 ± 28.3	95.7 ± 23.7	N/A	0.56
CKD Stages 1/2/3/4/5 (KDOQI) (%)^a	32/47/20/1/0	44/39/11/0/6	25/50/25/0/0	38/50/0/13/0	50/42/8/0/0	-	0.13
Urinary protein excretion (g/gCr)	0.61 ± 0.88	2.22 ± 2.62 ^F	3.76 ± 2.97 ^G	1.70 ± 1.91	5.46 ± 4.35 ^H,I,J	N/A	<0.001
uTWEAK (pg/mgCr, median, IQR)	94.3 (65.1, 147.1)^K	130.8 (70.2, 163.8)^L	151.9 (98.8, 285.1)^M	168.9 (107.8, 304.7)^N	180.6 (92.8, 331.8)^O	64.2 (32.2, 84.9)	<0.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; uTWEAK, urinary TWEAK; IQR, interquartile range; IgAN, IgA nephropathy; LN, lupus nephritis; MN, membranous nephropathy; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; MCD, minimal change disease; NA, not available; ANOVA, analysis of variance; HSD, honest significant difference.
^aCKD stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were divided by eGFR ≥90, 60–89, 30–59, 15–29, and <15, respectively.
Data are expressed as proportions, mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range [IQR]) as appropriate. Differences among the groups were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA. The multiple comparisons for age, BMI, mean arterial pressure, eGFR, and urinary protein excretion were performed by Tukey’s HSD mean separation tests. A nonparametric Steel-Dwass test was used for uTWEAK. Differences between the disease groups in gender and CKD stages were determined by χ² tests. A: P < 0.001 vs. IgAN; B: P < 0.001 vs. LN; C: P < 0.001 vs. FSGS; D: P < 0.001 vs. MCD; E: P < 0.001 vs. healthy controls; F: P = 0.001 vs. IgAN; G: P < 0.001 vs. IgAN; H: P < 0.001 vs. IgAN; I: P < 0.001 vs. LN; J: P < 0.001 vs. FSGS; K: P < 0.001 vs. healthy controls; L: P = 0.001 vs. healthy controls; M: P < 0.001 vs. healthy controls; N: P = 0.005 vs. healthy controls; O: P = 0.001 vs. healthy controls.

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