Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of participants
From: Trace element supplementation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
Medium | Low | Standard | |
|---|---|---|---|
dose | dose | dose | |
N | 52 | 47 | 51 |
Age, y | 63 (59,67) | 60 (57,64) | 58 (54,62) |
Male | 39 (75) | 35 (74.5) | 37 (72.5) |
Caucasian/white | 41 (78.8) | 36 (76.6) | 42 (82.4) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29 (27,30) | 31 (29,34) | 27 (25,29) |
Smoker | 4 (7.8) | 8 (17) | 13 (25.5) |
Primary cause of ESRD | |||
Diabetes | 22 (42.3) | 26 (55.3) | 19 (37.3) |
Glomerulonephritis | 10 (19.2) | 9 (19.1) | 7 (13.7) |
Hypertension | 7 (13.5) | 4 (8.5) | 8 (15.7) |
PCKD | 1 (1.9) | 1 (2.1) | 6 (11.8) |
Other | 11 (21.2) | 7 (14.9) | 11 (21.6) |
Comorbidities | |||
Cancer | 8 (15.7) | 8 (17) | 7 (13.7) |
CAD | 21 (41.2) | 16 (34) | 15 (29.4) |
Diabetes1 | 9 (17.6) | 4 (8.5) | 5 (9.8) |
Heart failure | 12 (23.5) | 6 (12.8) | 12 (23.5) |
Hypertension | 41 (80.4) | 38 (80.9) | 33 (64.7) |
PVD | 4 (7.8) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.9) |
Seizure disorder | 2 (3.9) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (5.9) |
Stroke | 3 (5.9) | 5 (10.6) | 3 (5.9) |
Salt sensitivity | |||
No recognition | 10 (19.6) | 9 (19.2) | 10 (19.6) |
Recognition2 | 0.8 (0.7,0.9) | 0.8 (0.7,0.8) | 0.8 (0.7,0.8) |
Dectection2 | 0.7 (0.7,0.8) | 0.7 (0.6,0.7) | 0.7 (0.6,0.7) |
Serum concentrations, ug/L | |||
Copper | 1131 (962,1266) | 1066 (919,1237) | 1024 (864,1213) |
Selenium | 139 (135,143) | 137 (133,142) | 135 (129,141) |
Zinc | 884 (851,917) | 861 (823,898) | 911 (867,955) |
Low copper status | 22 (42.3) | 23 (48.9) | 27 (52.9) |
Low selenium status | 8 (15.4) | 9 (19.2) | 14 (27.5) |
Low zinc status | 20 (38.5) | 20 (42.6) | 18 (35.3) |