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Table 4 Mean VAS score as a function of nalbuphine oral dose in hemodialysis patients

From: Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine hydrochloride extended release tablets in hemodialysis patients with exploratory effect on pruritus

Dose

Statistics

VAS score

Change from baseline

All patients

Patients with VAS ≥ 4.0

All patients

Patients with VAS ≥ 4.0

Baseline

N

14

8

--

--

Mean (SD)

4.0 (1.5)

5.1 (0.8)

  

Median

4.4

4.9

  

Min, Max

1.3, 6.6

4.2, 6.6

  

30 mg BID

N

14

8

14

8

Mean (SD)

3.1 (1.9)

3.9 (1.9)

−0.9 (1.3)

−1.2 (1.5)

Median

2.8

3.2

−0.5

−1.7

Min, Max

0.4, 6.7

1.4, 6.7

−3.2, 0.8

−3.2, 0.8

60 mg BID

N

14

8

14

8

Mean (SD)

2.3 (2.0)

2.9 (2.2)

−1.7 (1.8)

−2.2 (1.8)

Median

1.9

2.8

−1.5

−1.8

Min, Max

0.1, 6.2

0.1, 6.2

−4.3, 1.2

−4.3, 0.8

120 mg BID

N

14

8

14

8

Mean (SD)

1.6 (1.8)

1.7 (2.1)

−2.4 (1.9)

−3.4 (1.9)

Median

0.8

0.9

−2.6

−4.0

Min, Max

0.0. 6.1

0.0, 6.1

−5.5, 0.9

−5.5, 0.7

180 mg BID

N

13

7

13

7

Mean (SD)

1.2 (1.6)

1.6 (2.0)

−2.8 (1.7)

−3.6 (1.8)

Median

0.8

0.8

−2.6

−3.9

Min, Max

0.0, 5.8

0.1, 5.8

−5.1, 0.4

−5.1, 0.4

240 mg BID

N

4

2

4

2

Mean (SD)

0.4 (0.5)

0.7 (0.6)

−3.1 (2.1)

−4.9 (0.8)

Median

0.3

0.7

−2.8

−4.9

Min, Max

0.0, 1.2

0.3, 1.2

−5.5, −1.3

−5.5, −4.3

  1. Abbreviations: BID twice daily, ER extended release, SD standard deviation, VAS visual analog scale.