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Table 3 Association of chronic kidney disease status, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and estimated glomerular filtration rate with measures of diastolic blood pressure variability

From: Association between 24-hour blood pressure variability and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional analysis of African Americans participating in the Jackson heart study

Chronic kidney disease status

Blood pressure variability measure

No CKD

CKD

p-value

(n = 849)

(n = 173)

Day-night standard deviation, mmHg

   

Mean ± standard error

8.0 ± 0.1

8.5 ± 0.2

0.004

Age, sex adjusted

0 (ref)

0.54 (0.17, 0.90)

0.004

Multivariable adjusted 1a

0 (ref)

0.43 (0.00, 0.85)

0.049

Multivariable adjusted 2b

0 (ref)

0.25 (−0.16, 0.66)

0.231

Average real variability, mmHg

   

Mean ± standard error

7.5 ± 0.1

7.9 ± 0.2

0.043

Age, sex adjusted

0 (ref)

0.37 (0.01, 0.72)

0.041

Multivariable adjusted 1a

0 (ref)

0.32 (−0.09, 0.72)

0.128

Multivariable adjusted 2b

0 (ref)

0.19 (−0.21, 0.59)

0.351

Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, mg/g

Blood pressure variability measure

ACR < 30

ACR ≥ 30

p-value

(n = 885)

(n = 137)

Day-night standard deviation, mmHg

   

Mean ± standard error

8.0 ± 0.1

8.6 ± 0.2

0.002

Age, sex adjusted

0 (ref)

0.64 (0.23, 1.06)

0.002

Multivariable adjusted 1a

0 (ref)

0.63 (0.13, 1.13)

0.013

Multivariable adjusted 2b

0 (ref)

0.39 (−0.10, 0.87)

0.122

Average real variability, mmHg

   

Mean ± standard error

7.5 ± 0.1

8.1 ± 0.2

0.011

Age, sex adjusted

0 (ref)

0.53 (0.13, 0.93)

0.010

Multivariable adjusted 1a

0 (ref)

0.57 (0.09, 1.05)

0.021

Multivariable adjusted 2b

0 (ref)

0.39 (−0.09, 0.87)

0.108

Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m 2

Blood pressure variability measure

eGFR ≥ 60

eGFR < 60

p-value

(n = 960)

(n = 62)

Day-night standard deviation, mmHg

   

Mean ± standard error

8.1 ± 0.1

8.2 ± 0.3

0.572

Age, sex adjusted

0 (ref)

0.17 (−0.39, 0.72)

0.551

Multivariable adjusted 1a

0 (ref)

0.07 (−0.50, 0.64)

0.805

Multivariable adjusted 2b

0 (ref)

0.01 (−0.55, 0.56)

0.977

Average real variability, mmHg

   

Mean ± standard error

7.6 ± 0.1

7.5 ± 0.2

0.655

Age, sex adjusted

0 (ref)

−0.13 (−0.66, 0.41)

0.641

Multivariable adjusted 1a

0 (ref)

−0.19 (−0.75, 0.36)

0.487

Multivariable adjusted 2b

0 (ref)

−0.24 (−0.78, 0.30)

0.384

  1. CKD chronic kidney disease, ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex, education, income, smoking status, waist circumference, diabetes, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c-reactive protein, statin use, and antihypertensive medication use
  3. bAdjusted for above model 1 plus mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure