Table 3 (a) Hazard ratios of the risk factors associated with death from cause-specific hazard model (HR) based on Cox model, (b) sub-distribution hazard ratio of the risk factors associated with first surgical complication, and (c) medical complication based on Fine and Gray’s (sub-distribution hazard, sub-HR) model from competing risk analysis

Hemodialysis: yes/no

2.319

(2.164–2.485)

<0.001

1.148

(1.013–1.301)

0.031

1.353

(1.208–1.516)

<0.001

Age (1 year)

1.033

(1.028–1.038)

<0.001

0.982

(0.973–0.991)

<0.001

1.040

(1.032–1.049)

<0.001

Gender: male/female

1.279

(1.195–1.369)

<0.001

0.891

(0.782–1.015)

0.082

1.326

(1.186–1.484)

<0.001

Fracture type: trochanteric/cervical

1.235

(1.106–1.380)

<0.001

0.629

(0.517–0.764)

<0.001

1.262

(1.040–1.533)

0.018

Operation type: hemiarthroplasty/fixation

1.182

(1.058–1.319)

0.003

0.827

(0.686–0.996)

0.046

1.219

(1.003–1.480)

0.046

Hypertension: yes/no

0.918

(0.846–0.995)

0.038

0.812

(0.701–0.943)

0.006

0.837

(0.73–0.959)

0.011

Diabetes mellitus: yes/no

1.213

(1.129–1.303)

<0.001

0.917

(0.801–1.051)

0.212

1.018

(0.902–1.15)

0.768

Chronic heart disease^a: yes/no

1.253

(1.168–1.343)

<0.001

0.898

(0.785–1.027)

0.115

1.138

(1.013–1.279)

0.031

Chronic pulmonary disease: yes/no

1.077

(0.985–1.178)

0.105

0.995

(0.832–1.19)

0.958

2.774

(2.46–3.128)

<0.001

Cerebrovascular disease: yes/no

1.010

(0.939–1.087)

0.783

1.019

(0.889–1.168)

0.792

1.178

(1.045–1.328)

0.007

Chronic liver disease: yes/no

1.193

(1.067–1.333)

0.002

1.023

(0.829–1.263)

0.831

0.891

(0.734–1.083)

0.248

Cancer: yes/no

1.449

(1.313–1.598)

<0.001

0.877

(0.716–1.073)

0.202

0.986

(0.834–1.166)

0.868