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Table 2 Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality evaluating the joint effect of periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease

From: Periodontal disease, chronic kidney disease and mortality: results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey

 

Events, N

Mortality Rate (1000 P-Y)

Model 1a, HR (95 % CI)

Model 2b, HR (95 % CI)

All-cause Mortality

(−) Periodontal Disease, (−) CKD

970

5.44

Reference

Reference

(+) Periodontal Disease, (−) CKD

228

21.33

1.67 (1.30,2.14)

1.39 (1.06,1.81)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (+) CKD

476

24.93

1.85 (1.57,2.18)

1.55 (1.30,1.84)

(+) Periodontal disease, (+) CKD

139

65.20

2.69 (2.14,3.40)

2.07 (1.65,2.59)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (−) Low eGFR

1182

5.98

Reference

Reference

(+) Periodontal Disease, (−) Low eGFR

293

23.80

1.65 (1.33,2.06)

1.39 (1.09,1.77)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (+) Low eGFR

264

56.78

1.58 (1.30,1.93)

1.39 (1.12,1.71)

(+) Periodontal disease, (+) Low eGFR

74

112.35

2.28 (1.72,3.02)

1.68 (1.20,2.36)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (−) Albuminuria

1140

6.13

Reference

Reference

(+) Periodontal Disease, (−) Albuminuria

268

23.29

1.63 (1.30,2.06)

1.40 (1.09,1.81)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (+) Albuminuria

306

19.44

2.12 (1.78,2.52)

1.65 (1.39,1.98)

(+) Periodontal disease, (+) Albuminuria

99

58.86

2.68 (2.06,3.49)

1.90 (1.47,2.46)

Cardiovascular Mortality

(−) Periodontal Disease, (−) CKD

353

1.91

Reference

Reference

(+) Periodontal Disease, (−) CKD

84

7.60

1.59 (1.06,2.38)

1.33 (0.88,2.01)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (+) CKD

243

13.68

2.30 (1.89,2.80)

1.74 (1.41,2.15)

(+) Periodontal disease, (+) CKD

72

33.32

3.03 (2.18,4.21)

2.11 (1.52,2.94)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (−) Low eGFR

445

2.23

Reference

Reference

(+) Periodontal Disease, (−) Low eGFR

117

9.15

1.59 (1.19,2.12)

1.33 (0.99,1.79)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (+) Low eGFR

151

33.30

1.79 (1.33,2.41)

1.45 (1.05,1.99)

(+) Periodontal disease, (+) Low eGFR

39

55.04

2.21 (1.38,3.56)

1.45 (0.80,2.62)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (−) Albuminuria

450

2.35

Reference

Reference

(+) Periodontal Disease, (−) Albuminuria

106

8.59

1.51 (1.05,2.18)

1.38 (0.94,2.03)

(−) Periodontal Disease, (+) Albuminuria

146

10.07

2.56 (2.06,3.19)

1.78 (1.40,2.28)

(+) Periodontal disease, (+) Albuminuria

50

29.67

2.90 (1.91,4.43)

1.75 (1.12,2.73)

  1. aModel1: Adjusted for age (continuous), gender, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American or other), education (< vs. ≥ high school) and annual income (< vs. ≥ $20,000)
  2. bModel 2: Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus diabetes, hypertension, smoking (never vs. current/past), cardiovascular disease, BMI (continuous), family history of premature CVD, HbA1c, total cholesterol and systolic BP. In addition, analyses of periodontal disease and eGFR were adjusted for natural log of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; and analyses of periodontal disease and albuminuria were adjusted for eGFR
  3. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease (defined as either low estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2] or the presence of albuminuria [urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g])
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