Table 2 Baseline kidney function test and urine profile by location

n (%)

439 (100)

320 (72.9)

119 (27.1)

Dipstick abnormalities, n; % (95 % CI)

Proteinuria

86; 19.6 (13.5-25.6)

76; 23.8 (18.5-29.0)

10; 8.4 (3.3-13.5)

0.0005

0.155

Leucocyturia

22; 5.0 (2.4-7.6)

10; 3.1 (1.6-4.7)

12; 10.1 (0.0-20.1)

0.034

0.807

Hematuria

2; 0.5 (0.0-1.1)

0

2; 1.7 (0.2-3.2)

<0.0001

0.984

Albuminuria, mg/g, n; % (95 % CI)

0.0004

0.148

<30

353; 80.4 (74.3-86.5)

244; 76.3 (71.0-81.5)

109; 91.6 (86.5-96.7)

30-300

70; 15.9 (10.0-21.8)

64; 20.0 (15.6-24.3)

6; 5.0 (0.0-11.1)

>300

16; 3.6 (2.1-5.2)

12; 3.8 (1.9-5.6)

4; 3.4 (1.1-5.6)

Mean serum creatinine, mg/l (95 % CI)

10.6 (10.0-11.2)

10.3; 4.9 (9.6-10.9)

11.6; 3.9 (10.5-12.8)

0.065

0.037

Mean eGFR, ml/min (95 % CI)

MDRD

109.5 (104.0-115.0)

110.9; 38.2 (105.2-116.5)

105.8; 48.1 (91.7-119.8)

0.522

0.0005

CKD-EPI

106.4 (101.3-111.5)

107.2; 30.1 (102.6-111.8)

104.2; 38.6 (90.1-118.3)

0.622

0.0003

CG

89.1 (83.2-95.0)

88.2; 35.5 (83.1-93.2)

91.8; 35.4 (78.4-105.1)

0.691

0.0002

Stages of kidney function by eGFR, n; % (95 % CI)

MDRD (ml/min/1.73 m²) >90

303; 69.0 (63.3-74.7)

238; 74.4 (70.4-78.3)

65; 54.6 (38.3-70.9)

0.2681

0.711

60-90

89; 20.3 (15.0-25.5)

53; 16.6 (13.1-20.0)

36; 30.3 (16.7-43.8)

<60

47; 10.7 (5.4-16.0)

29; 9.1 (3.0-15.1)

18; 15.1 (4.5-25.8)

CG (ml/min) >90

197; 44.9 (39.7-50.1)

142; 44.4 (40.6-48.2)

55; 46.2 (32.2-60.2)

0.757

0.090

60-90

146; 33.3 (30.6-35.9)

106; 33.1 (29.9-36.3)

40; 33.6 (29.5-37.7)

<60

96; 21.9 (16.3-27.4)

72; 22.5 (18.2-26.8)

24; 20.2 (5.7-34.6)

CKD-EPI (ml/min/1.73 m²) >90

309; 70.4 (64.7-76.0)

243; 75.9 (72.3-79.6)

66; 55.5 (38.4-72.5)

0.242

0.543

60-90

82; 18.7 (13.6-23.7)

48; 15.0 (11.9-18.1)

34; 28.6 (15.2-41.9)

<60

48; 10.9 (5.4-16.4)

29; 9.1 (3.0-15.1)

19; 16.0 (3.9-28.0)

Albuminuria (≥30) and/or eGFR (<60) MDRD

120; 27.3 (20.6-34.5)

96; 30.0 (24.3-35.7)

24; 20.2 (8.3-32.0)

0.162

<0.0001

Albuminuria (≥30) and/or eGFR (<60) CG

157; 35.8 (27.3-44.2)

129; 40.3 (34.5-46.1)

28; 23.5 (7.8-39.3)

0.072

0.022

Albuminuria(≥30) and/or eGFR(<60)CKD-EPI

121; 27.6 (20.6-34.5)

96; 30.0 (24.3-35.7)

25; 21.0 (7.5-34.6)

0.252

<0.0001