Table 2 Studies examining the effects of interventions involving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on outcomes in haemodialysis patients
Study and location | Participants | Design | Intervention | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Svensson 2006 [5]. Denmark | N = 206 (65 % male); Intervention: n = 103 (66 ± 11 year); Placebo: n = 103 (68 ± 12 years) | 3-month RCT with 24-month follow-up | 1700 mg/day n-3 PUFA (45 % EPA, 37.5 % DHA) | Cardiac event and/or all-cause mortality: HR 1.04 (95 % CI 0.72–1.48). MI: HR 0.30 (95 % CI 0.10–0.92) |
Svensson 2008 [17]. Denmark | N = 206 (65 % male); Intervention: n = 103 (66 ± 11 year); Placebo: n = 103 (68 ± 12 years) | 3-month RCT with 24-month follow-up | 1700 mg/day n-3 PUFA (45 % EPA, 37.5 % DHA) | ↓ TG in non-fasting patients only |
Perunicic-Pekovic 2007 [18]. Eastern Europe | N = 42 (55 % male, 55 ± 8 years) | 8-week intervention trial | 2400 mg/day n-3 PUFA (60 % EPA, 40 % DHA) | ↓ IL-6, TNFα; ↑ albumin, Hb, HDL cholesterol |
Saifullah 2007 [20]. USA | N = 23 (78 % male, 83 % black); Intervention: n = 15 (58 ± 12 years); Placebo: n = 8 (57 ± 14 years) | 12-week pilot RCT | 1300 mg/day n-3 PUFA; (52 % EPA, 26 % DHA) | ↓ RBC membrane saturated fat content, plasma n-3/n-6 ratio, CRP; ↑ RBC membrane PUFA content |
Vernaglione 2008 [21]. Italy | N = 24 (65 % male, 65 ± 18 years) | 4-month intervention trial | 2000 mg/day n-3 PUFA; (45 % EPA, 12.5 % DHA) | ↓ systolic and diastolic blood pressure; no change: all laboratory parameters |
Zabel 2010 [38]. Australia | N = 28 (50 % male, 61 ± 17 years) | 12-week intervention trial | 3000 mg/day n-3 PUFA; (67 % EPA, 17 % DHA) | ↓ white cell count, peptide YY; ↑ vascular cell adhesion molecules |
Gharekhani 2014 [19]. Iran | N = 45 (56 % male); Intervention: n = 25 (57 ± 13 years); Placebo: n = 20 (57 ± 15 years) | 4-month RCT | 1800 mg/day n-3 PUFA; (60 % EPA, 40 % DHA) | ↓ mean serum TIBC; ↑ IL-10/IL-6 ratio; no change: Hb, serum iron, TNFα, CRP |
Sorensen 2015 [22]. Denmark | N = 161 (65 % male); Intervention: n = 81 (66 ± 11 year); Placebo: n = 80 (68 ± 11 year) | 3-month RCT | 1700 mg/day n-e PUFA; (45 % EPA, 37.5 % DHA) | ↓ TG; ↑ HDL cholesterol; no change: total cholesterol |