Table 1 Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of the ESRD study population

Age Mean (std. dev.)

59.84 (13.28)

56.84 (14.78)

51.81 (11.67)

p < 0.001^a A > C

p < 0.001^b B > C

p = 0.017^b

Gender

Male

296 (64.6 %)

110 (60.4 %)

119 (64.0 %)

67 (74.4 %)

p = 0.073^c

Education

Post high school education

111 (25.1 %)

43 (24.2 %)

31 (17.5 %)

37 (42.5 %)

p < 0.001^c

A < C p < 0.05^d

B < C p < 0.05^d

Employment

Retired

213 (46.8 %)

94 (51.6 %)

87 (47.3 %)

32 (36.0 %)

p < 0.001^c

Retired

Unemployed

115 (25.3 %)

31 (17.0 %)

64 (34.8 %)

20 (22.5 %)

A > C p < 0.05^d

Unemployed

Self-employed

35 (7.7 %)

17 (9.3 %)

10 (5.4 %)

8 (9.0 %)

A < B p < 0.05^d

Salaried

92 (20.2 %)

40 (22.0 %)

23 (12.5 %)

29 (32.6 %)

Salaried

A > B p < 0.05^d

C > B p < 0.05^d

Ethnicity

Non-white

46 (10.1 %)

14 (7.7 %)

20 (10.8 %)

12 (13.3 %)

p = 0.32^c

BMI (kg/m^b) Median (interquartile range)

28.38 (24.27, 32.45)

26.50 (23.08, 31.51)

26.53 (23.63, 30.83)

p = 0.031^e

A > B p = 0.040^f

A > C p = 0.21^f

C > B p = 1.00^f

Smoking status

Never smoked

257 (56.7 %)

98 (54.1 %)

103 (56.6 %)

56 (62.2 %)

p = 0.57^c

Ex-smoker

133 (29.4 %)

54 (29.8 %)

53 (29.1 %)

26 (28.9 %)

Current

63 (13.9 %)

29 (16.0 %)

26 (14.3 %)

8 (8.9 %)

Caregiver

Spouse/partner

250 (56.2 %)

111 (62.0 %)

83 (46.6 %)

56 (63.6 %)

p = 0.004^c

Spouse/part

Child carer

24 (5.4 %)

12 (6.7 %)

6 (3.4 %)

6 (6.8 %)

A > B p < 0.05^d

C > B p < 0.05^d

Parent carer

34 (7.6 %)

10 (5.6 %)

16 (9.0 %)

8 (9.1 %)

F, R, S or C

Friend, relative, sibling or carer

19 (4.3 %)

3 (1.7 %)

13 (7.3 %)

3 (3.4 %)

B > A p < 0.05^d

Alone

118 (26.5 %)

43 (24.0 %)

60 (33.7 %)

15 (17.0 %)

Alone

B > C p < 0.05^d

Marital status

Married

253 (55.2 %)

106 (58.2 %)

89 (47.8 %)

58 (64.4 %)

p = 0.020^c

Married

B < C p < 0.05^d

Partner

27 (5.9 %)

11 (6.0 %)

10 (5.4 %)

6 (6.7 %)

Single

103 (22.5 %)

38 (20.9 %)

54 (29.0 %)

11 (12.2 %)

Single

B > C p < 0.05^d

Divorced or separated

40 (8.7 %)

11 (6.0 %)

17 (9.1 %)

12 (13.3 %)

Widowed

35 (7.6 %)

16 (8.8 %)

16 (8.6 %)

3 (3.3 %)

Psych usage

Never offered

180 (40.8 %)

70 (38.9 %)

84 (48.8 %)

26 (29.2 %)

P < 0.001^c

Never offered

B > C p < 0.05^d

Never used

A > B p < 0.05^d

Used and found useful

C > A p < 0.05^d

Used but not useful

C > B p < 0.05^d

Never used

209 (47.4 %)

98 (54.4 %)

69 (40.1 %)

42 (47.2 %)

Used and found useful

36 (8.2 %)

6 (3.3 %)

16 (9.3 %)

14 (15.7 %)

Used but not useful

16 (3.6 %)

6 (3.3 %)

3 (1.7 %)

7 (7.9 %)

Primary cause of ESRD

Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis

55 (12.0 %)

34 (18.7 %)

12 (6.5 %)

9 (10.0 %)

p < 0.001^c

Hyp Neph

A > B p < 0.05^d

Diabetic Nephropathy

96 (21.0 %)

45 (24.7 %)

42 (22.6 %)

9 (10.0 %)

Diab Neph

A > C p < 0.05^d

B > C p < 0.05^d

Glomerulonephritis

65 (14.2 %)

19 (10.4 %)

30 (16.1 %)

16 (17.8 %)

Polycystic KD

C > A p < 0.05^d

C > B p < 0.05^d

Polycystic Kidney Disease

55 (12.0 %)

18 (9.9 %)

18 (9.7 %)

19 (21.1 %)

Renovascular Disease

12 (2.6 %)

4 (2.2 %)

8 (4.3 %)

0 (0 %)

Chronic Pyelonephritis/ Reflux Nephropathy

29 (6.3 %)

8 (4.4 %)

15 (8.1 %)

6 (6.7 %)

Others

83 (18.1 %)

36 (19.8 %)

32 (17.2 %)

15 (16.7 %)

Unknown

63 (13.8 %)

18 (9.9 %)

29 (15.6 %)

16 (17.8 %)

Yes

121/276 (43.8 %)

~

83 (44.6 %)

38 (42.2 %)

Hypertension

Yes

348 (76.0 %)

152 (83.5 %)

123 (66.1 %)

73 (81.1 %)

p < 0.001^c

A > B p < 0.05^d

C > B p < 0.05^d

Diabetes

Yes

123 (27.0 %)

56 (30.8 %)

56 (30.4 %)

11 (12.4 %)

p = 0.002^c

A > C p < 0.05^d

B > C p < 0.05^d

H/O Anxiety

Yes

14 (3.1 %)

5 (2.7 %)

5 (2.7 %)

4 (4.4 %)

p = 0.69^c

H/O Depression

Yes

48 (10.5 %)

17 (9.3 %)

18 (9.7 %)

13 (14.4 %)

p = 0.39^c

CCI Median (inter-quartile range)

5.00 (3.75, 6.00)

4.00 (3.00, 6.00)

3.50 (2.00, 5.00)

p < 0.001^e

A > B p = 0.60^f

A > C p < 0.001^f

B > C p = 0.004^f

BDI

0-10

239 (52.2 %)

102 (56.0 %)

91 (48.9 %)

46 (51.1 %)

p = 0.783

11-15

73 (15.9 %)

27 (14.8 %)

31 (16.7 %)

15 (16.7 %)

16-20

45 (9.8 %)

18 (9.9 %)

20 (10.8 %)

7 (7.8 %)

21-25

44 (9.6 %)

17 (9.3 %)

20 (10.8 %)

7 (7.8 %)

26-30

25 (5.5 %)

6 (3.3 %)

13 (7.0 %)

6 (6.7 %)

≥31

32 (7.0 %)

12 (6.6 %)

11 (5.9 %)

9 (10.0 %)

STAI State

20-29

148 (33.4 %)

54 (30.0 %)

61 (34.5 %)

33 (38.4 %)

p = 0.863

30-39

131 (29.6 %)

57 (31.7 %)

53 (29.9 %)

21 (24.4 %)

40-49

100 (22.6 %)

42 (23.3 %)

38 (21.5 %)

20 (23.3 %)

≥50

64 (14.4 %)

27 (15.0 %)

25 (14.1 %)

12 (14.0 %)

STAI Trait

20-29

121 (27.6 %)

47 (26.3 %)

49 (28.2 %)

25 (29.1 %)

p = 0.433

30-39

124 (28.2 %)

46 (25.7 %)

54 (31.0 %)

24 (27.9 %)

40-49

111 (25.3 %)

55 (30.7 %)

39 (22.4 %)

17 (19.8 %)

≥50

83 (18.9 %)

31 (17.3 %)

32 (18.4 %)

20 (23.3 %)

TMT A Median (inter-quartile Range)

46.65 (32.25, 60.00)

47.00 (36.00, 69.00)

35.50 (30.00, 47.53)

p < 0.001^e

B > A p = 0.39^f

A > C p = 0.001^f

B > C p < 0.001^f

TMT B Median (inter-quartile range)

90.00 (68.50, 120.00)

113.00 (73.00, 145.00)

74.00 (61.00, 94.00)

p < 0.0015

B > A p = 0.0236

A > C p = 0.0076

B > C p < 0.0016

3MS

≤75

11 (2.6 %)

2 (1.2 %)

8 (4.6 %)

1 (1.3 %)

p = 0.0517

76-80

14 (3.3 %)

6 (3.5 %)

6 (3.5 %)

2 (2.6 %)

81-85

35 (8.3 %)

9 (5.3 %)

21 (12.1 %)

5 (6.5 %)

86-93

157 (37.3 %)

64 (37.4 %)

69 (39.9 %)

24 (31.2 %)

94-100

204 (48.5 %)

90 (52.6 %)

69 (39.9 %)

45 (58.4 %)